区域农村贫困格局的形成:空间依赖、空间分异与尺度效应  

Spatial Dependence,Spatial Variation and Scale Effect in the Formation of Rural Poverty Pattern

作　　者：马振邦[1,2] 贾卓 常跟应[1,2] 苏晓阳[1] 陈兴鹏 MA Zhenbang;JIA Zhuo;CHANG Genying;SU Xiaoyang;CHEN Xingpeng(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,中国甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,中国甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《经济地理》2022年第3期210-221,共12页Economic Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(18XJC790008);兰州大学“一带一路”专项(2018ldbryb028)。

摘　　要：从“人地关系地域系统”视角,基于等级理论构建了一个分析框架,通过解析贫困空间依赖和分异格局成因的尺度机制(重点关注差异与关联),来理解宏观与微观因素的相互关系。对甘肃省六盘山片区村级和乡镇贫困进行了计量实证研究,结果表明:①行政村尺度对案例区贫困格局及成因的解释度更好,但乡镇尺度上过程不容忽视。②宏观经济社会情境因素对微观上村级和乡镇贫困具有显著影响,作用方式具有多元化特点,作用强度在乡镇尺度上大于村级尺度。③宏观情境因素与本地因素对贫困格局的形成存在交互增强且因尺度而异的协同关系。另外,还比较了不同等级系统(行政区划系统和重新构建的贫困分区系统、地理分区系统)下的结果差异,发现行政区划系统不是解析贫困格局成因的最佳选择,它会掩盖和扭曲部分因素的影响,而贫困分区系统能更好地描述“真实的”的贫困形成过程。以上表明,中国精准扶贫战略将重心下沉到村和户是现实合理选择,但以“适度漫灌”来夯实宏观上经济基础和补齐公共服务短板在甘肃六盘山片区仍有重要意义,而各级各地政府或组织形成共同但有侧重的协作理念和方式是重要保障。同时,高效可持续的贫困治理在行政机制外尚需强化市场和社会机制。Based on the hierarchical theory and the human-land territorial system, this paper developed a multi-scale framework to explore the influence of scale effect(i.e.,difference and interaction between scales) on the spatial pattern(i.e., spatial dependence and spatial variation) of rural poverty. It aims to better understand the correlation between micro and macro factors that lead to poverty. This paper does the empirical research on the village-and township-level poverty in the areas of Mount Liupan of Gansu Province,which indicates that: 1) It is better to understand the poverty pattern and its formation mechanism at the village level,but it still cannot be ignored at the township level. 2) The context factors of society and economy play a significant role in influencing the poverty probability in various ways,and their magnitudes are larger at the township level than those at the village level. 3) There is a synergic and scale-dependent interaction between the context and local factors in the formation of poverty pattern. Additionally,it compares the results in different hierarchical systems(i.e.,the administrative and the reconstructed poverty,geographic zoning system). It’s found that it is not necessarily the best for understanding the formation of poverty pattern on the basis of the administrative zoning system, since the effect of several actors is covered up and biased in this system. In contrast, according to the poverty zoning system, it can better describe the "real" formation process of poverty pattern. The results further suggest that,China’s "Targeted Poverty Alleviation Strategy" focusing on poor villages and households is a realistic and reasonable choice. Even so, moderately firm-support policies are appropriate to the study area and deep poverty areas, where the macroeconomic foundation and public services should be strengthened in an urgent manner, and the associated effect depends on the cooperation between multilevel governments and organizations with different task emphasis. Moreover,in o

关 键 词：农村贫困 空间格局 形成机制 尺度效应 六盘山片区 贫困治理 

分 类 号：F329.9[经济管理—产业经济]