高强度间歇训练对女大学生骨密度及体适能的影响  

Effect of high-intensity interval training on bone mineral density and physical fitness in female college students

作　　者：李珂珂 卜淑敏[1] 李庆 张丽[1] LI Keke;BO Shumin;LI Qing;ZHANG Li(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国骨质疏松杂志》2022年第4期509-514,521,共7页Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis

基　　金：北京市教委科技面上项目(KM201810029003)。

摘　　要：目的对比观察8周高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对正常体重和超重女大学生骨密度、骨代谢和体适能的影响。方法按照体质指数将招募的符合本研究要求的女大学生分为正常体重组(NW,n=12人)和超重组(OW,n=10人)。两组受试者均进行8周,每周3次的HIIT。单次HIIT是以85%~90%VO_(2)peak的强度蹬车3 min,再以35%~45%VO_(2)peak的强度蹬车间歇2 min,交替重复6组。训练前48 h和训练结束后48 h,分别对受试者进行骨密度和血清甲状旁腺素、骨钙素、25-羟-维生素D、钙和磷等骨代谢生化指标以及最大摄氧量、十秒象限跳、立定跳远和400 m等体适能指标的测试。结果①与训练前比较,训练后两组的体脂率、全身脂肪含量、腹部和髋部脂肪含量均显著下降(P<0.05),组间无显著交互效应(P>0.05)。BMI、腰围和腰高比仅OW组显著下降(P<0.05),组间无交互效应(P>0.05);②与训练前比较,训练后两组的血清25-羟-维生素D水平均极显著增加(P<0.01),组间无交互效应(P>0.05)。股骨骨密度仅NW组显著提高(P<0.05),组间无交互效应(P>0.05);③与训练前比较,训练后两组的十秒象限跳、立定跳远和400 m成绩均显著提高(P<0.05),组间无交互效应(P>0.05)。VO_(2)peak仅NW组显著提高(P<0.05),且组间有交互效应(P<0.05)。结论8周功率自行车高强度间歇训练易于改善超重女大学生的身体形态,且易于增加正常体重女大学生的股骨骨密度以及提高其心肺适能。Objective The aim of this paper was to compare the effects of 8-week high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on bone mineral density,bone metabolism,and physical fitness in normal weight and overweight female college students.MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups based on their body mass index(BMI),a normal weight group(NW,n=12)and an overweight group(OW,n=10).Total training program was designed for 8 weeks,3 sessions per week on cycle ergometer.Each training session consisted of six repetitions of 3-min cycling at 85%~90%VO_(2)peak interspersed by periods of active recovery of 2-min cycling at 35%~45%VO_(2)peak.All participants were examined for blood parameters of bone metabolism including serum osteocalcin,25(OH)D,calcin and,phosphorus,bone mineral density and physical fitness including VO_(2)peak,quadrant jump in ten second,standing broad jump and 400-meter running at the pre-training and the end of the training.Results①Compared with pre-training,the body fat percentage,fat mass,fat mass in Android region and Gynoid region of NW group and OW group were all lower after 8-week training(P<0.05).BMI,waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were only significantly lower in OW group than pre-training(P<0.05);②Compared with pre-training,25(OH)D showed a dramatical improvement in both groups(P<0.01);③Compared with pre-training,the 10-second quadrant jump,standing long jump,and 400-meter running performance were significantly improved in both groups(P<0.05);VO_(2)peak was only significantly increased in NW group(P<0.05),and there was an interaction effect between two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion 8-week high-intensity interval training is easy to improve the body shape of overweight female college students,but it is easier to increase the femoral bone density of normal-weight female college students and improve their cardiorespiratory fitness.

关 键 词：高强度间歇训练 女大学生 体质指数 骨代谢 体适能 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]