黔西北典型炼锌区重金属污染特征及生态风险  

Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risks in a Typical Zinc Refining Area in Northwest Guizhou

作　　者：鲁鸿霈 向发云 吴永贵[1,3,4] 朱鑫维 LU Hongpei;XIANG Fayun;WU Yonggui;ZHU Xinwei(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guiyang Two Lakes and One Reservoir Environmental Protection Monitoring Station,Guiyang 551400,China;Ecological Restoration Technology Engineering Reseaich Center in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China;Karst Environmental Ecosystem of Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Guizhou Province,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵阳市两湖一库环境保护监测站,贵州贵阳551400 [3]贵州省劣境生态修复技术工程研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [4]贵州喀斯特环境生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2021年第11期220-228,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1903501);国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442);国家自然科学基金项目(52160015);贵州省百层次创新人才培养计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]6002)。

摘　　要：贵州黔西北土地资源匮乏,当地居民在土法炼锌区废渣和土壤上种植农作物后,可能因重金属污染威胁居民身体健康。该文以黔西北土法炼锌区炼锌规模较大的水城区、赫章县、威宁县3个典型废弃矿区为研究对象,分别测定了废渣与土壤中Cu、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量,利用地积累指数法和Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法对受污染土壤进行评价,并对废渣与土壤中重金属含量进行多元统计分析。结果表明,3个研究区废渣中Cd(55.33、74.54、26.02 mg/kg)、Pb(2583.87、14818.66、4984.65 mg/kg)平均含量超过农用地土壤风险管制值,土壤污染风险极高。3个研究区土壤重金属均超过贵州省土壤重金属背景值,其中赫章县土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd污染严重,分别超标134.13、246.26、108.28倍。地累积指数法分析表明,研究区土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd污染较为严重,土壤中Cr、Ni污染较轻。潜在生态风险指数法分析表明,土壤中Cd污染严重,存在极强潜在生态风险;土壤中Cu、Pb和Zn污染较重,存在较强潜在生态风险。土壤重金属RI指数平均值达到2505.39,存在很强综合潜在生态风险。多元统计分析结果表明,冶炼废渣长期堆放是研究区土壤中Pb、Cd、Ni、Cu累积的主要来源。Land resources are scarce in northwest Guizhou,and residents may be threatened by heavy metal contamination after planting crops on waste materials and soil in the clay-based zinc refining area.The contents of Cu,Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb and Zn in waste residues and soil were measured in three typical abandoned mining areas in Hezhang,Weining and Shuicheng counties,which have a large scale of zinc refining in the clay method zinc refining area of northwest Guizhou,and the contaminated soils were evaluated by using the ground accumulation index method and the Hankanson potential ecological risk index method,and the multivariate statistical analysis of the heavy metal contents in the waste residues and soils was conducted.The results showed that the average contents of Cd(55.33,74.54,26.02 mg/kg)and Pb(2583.87,14818.66,4984.65 mg/kg)in the waste materials of the three study areas exceeded the soil risk control values for agricultural land,and the risk of soil contamination was extremely high.The soil heavy metals in the three study areas exceeded the background values of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province,among which Pb,Zn,and Cd contamination in the soil of Hezhang County was serious,exceeding the standards by 134.13,246.26,and 108.28 times,respectively.The analysis of the ground accumulation index method shows that the soil in the study area is more seriously polluted with Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd,and the soil is less polluted with Cr and Ni.The analysis of potential ecological risk index method shows that Cd pollution in the soil is serious and there is a very strong potential ecological risk.Cu,Pb and Zn pollution in the soil is heavy and there is a strong potential ecological risk.The mean value of soil heavy metal RI index reached 2505.39,with a strong integrated potential ecological risk.Multivariate statistical analysis showed that long-term stockpiling of smelting slag was the main source of soil Pb,Cd,Ni and Cu accumulation in the study area.

关 键 词：土法炼锌废渣 污染土壤 重金属 生态风险评价 地累积指数 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4