高校实践教育的内涵、特点与功能再审视  

Review the Connotation, Characteristics and Functions of Practice-based Education in Colleges and Universities

作　　者：彭安臣[1] 王正明[2] 李志峰[3] Peng Anchen;Wang Zhengming;Li Zhifeng(Teaching and Learning Evaluation Center,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,410073,China;Frontier Interdisciplinary College,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,410073,China;School of Law,Literature and Sociology,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430070,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学教学考评中心,湖南长沙410072 [2]国防科技大学前沿交叉学科学院,湖南长沙410073 [3]武汉理工大学法学与人文社会学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《教育科学探索》2022年第2期24-31,共8页THE SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION OF EDUCATION

基　　金：教育部首批“新工科”研究与实践项目“面向战略性新兴技术的工科实践教育体系建设”(教高厅函[2018]17号)研究成果。

摘　　要：作为一种教学方法、教学改革策略的高校实践教育,现已发展为一种密切学生与生活世界联系的教育理念。实践教育是理论教学、实践教学的上位概念,通过不同层次、不同类型的实践活动促进学生实践能力、情意的发展,体现在高校人才培养各要素之中。实践教育中的“实践”,不是一般意义的实践,而是一种专业实践,具有主体性、实践性、过程性、综合性、情境性、共建性等特征。广义知识观视角下,实践教育是学生形成默会知识的主要途径,能提高名言知识的掌握成效,是实现“转识成智”的基础。Practice-based Education(PBE) in colleges and universities, which used to be a teaching method and teaching reform strategy, has now evolved into an educational idea that closely links students with the life world. PBE is the superior concept of theoretical teaching and practical teaching. It promotes the development of students’ practical ability and affection through different levels and types of practical activities, which is reflected in various elements of talent cultivation in colleges and universities. The “practice” in PBE is not the practice in general sense, but a kind of professional practice, which generates its characteristics of subjectivity, practice, process, comprehensiveness, situation and co-construction. From the perspective of generalized knowledge view, PBE is the main way for students to master tacit knowledge, which can improve the mastery effect of well-known knowledge and is the basis for realizing “transforming knowledge into wisdom”.

关 键 词：高校 实践教育 内涵 特征 功能 

分 类 号：O642.45[理学—物理化学]