碱基编辑的研究进展  

Research progress on base editing technology

作　　者：王晶[1,2] 朱喆 毕延震 张鹏[2] WANG Jing;ZHU Zhe;BI Yanzhen;ZHANG Peng(Hubri Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding,Institute of Animal Science and Vetrrinan Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;College of Life Sciences,South-Central University for Nationalities,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064 [2]中南民族大学生命科学学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第5期20-24,29,132,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31772577);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2019-620-000-001-20);湖南创新型省份建设专项(2019RS1068);重点领域研发计划项目(2020WK2030);外国青年人才计划项目(QN20200127002);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA24030204)。

摘　　要：碱基编辑(base editing)是一种基于CRISPR/Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)系统发展起来的新型基因修饰技术,它成功地将切割DNA双链的“剪刀”改变为特定碱基的“修正器”,该技术能在不诱导双链DNA断裂的情况下,通过sgRNA引导碱基修饰酶至特定位点,进而实现碱基的替换。碱基编辑器主要分为胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(cytidine base editors, CBEs)、腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(adenine base editors, ABEs)和Prime编辑器(prime editors, PEs),CBEs可以完成胞嘧啶(C)到胸腺嘧啶(T)的转换,ABEs能将腺嘌呤(A)转换成鸟嘌呤(G),PEs可以实现任意碱基间的转换。文章对碱基编辑的基本原理、发展历史、使用方法、应用策略和发展前景等进行综述,以期为其在分子育种和基因治疗等领域的应用提供新的思路。Base editing is a new gene modification technology developed from the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR/Cas) system. It has successfully changed the "scissors" that cut the double strand of DNA into the "modifier" of specific bases. The technology can replace the base by guiding the base modification enzyme to a specific site through sgRNA without inducing the breakage of double strand DNA. Base editors are mainly divided into cytosine base editors(CBEs), adenine base editors(ABEs) and prime editors(PEs). The former can complete the conversion of cytosine(C) to thymine(T), and the latter can convert adenine(A) to guanine(G), and PEs could convert any base. In this paper, the basic principles, development history, application methods, application strategies and development prospects of base editing were reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for its application in the fields of molecular breeding and gene therapy.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas9 碱基编辑技术 胞嘧啶碱基编辑器 腺嘌呤碱基编辑器 分子育种 

分 类 号：Q754[生物学—分子生物学]