牛、羊用中草药舔砖的试制与饲喂效果  

Trial production and feeding effect of Chinese herbal medicine licking bricks for cattle and sheep

作　　者：方芊童 成钢[1] 韩庆[1] 赵铭 FANG Qiantong;CHENG Gang;HAN Qing;ZHAO Ming(Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education/Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Molecular Immunity Technology for Important Aquatic Animal Diseases/Agricultural Biological Macromolecule Kesearch Center/Institute of Animal Health Culture,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde 415000,China;Anxiang Xiongtao Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Changde 415000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院动物学湖南省高校重点实验室/水生动物重要疫病分子免疫技术湖南省重点实验室/农业生物大分子研究中心/动物健康养殖研究所,湖南常德415000 [2]安乡雄韬牧业有限责任公司,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第5期105-108,139,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：2020年度湖南省科技特派员创新创业项目“湘西山区肉牛养殖技术集成示范与推广应用”(2020NK4226);湖南文理学院大学生创新创业研究项目;民盟湖南省委会2021年参政议政调研一般课题(XMYBLX202116)。

摘　　要：为了试制中草药舔砖及了解其饲喂效果,为今后牛、羊用新型中草药舔砖配方与工艺的优化提供可行性参考,试验通过挤压法、锤击法及浸泡法对中草药试验舔砖硬度进行测试,初步确定物料粒径大小及水泥与膨润土添加对舔砖的影响后,以食盐、枣粉、膨润土、甘草、党参、麦芽等原料制作4种不同配方(配方1~4)中草药试验舔砖,进行小鼠和肉羊适口性测试,进一步优化中草药配方,最后根据成本及加工难易度确定配方,每种配方分别压制3块舔砖用于饲喂效果观察。选择生长日龄相近的40只肉羊分为4组,每组10只,公母各半,用优化后的配方制作的中草药试验舔砖饲喂试验组肉羊,对照组以常规饲料进行饲喂,在15 d内测定试验羊对试验舔砖的舔食量,观测试验羊饮水、毛色、精神及粪球硬度等指标,确定最佳配方。结果表明:以物料颗粒直径为1 mm制作的试验舔砖硬度最高。配方1、配方3和配方4在舔食量、适口性上较好,小鼠和肉羊精神、食欲、饮水、排便均正常,无任何毒副反应。因此,在配方1,3,4基础上优化设计了3种试验型中草药舔砖配方(配方A~C),以配方C(麦芽10%、红枣12%、山楂12%、茯苓19%、贯众10%、鸡内金12%、陈皮25%组成)制备的试验型中草药舔砖在肉羊毛色、精神、粪球硬度、日均采食饲料和饮水量等饲喂指标上优于常规饲料和其他配方。说明以配方C研发牛、羊用新型中草药舔砖具有可行性。In order to product Chinese herbal medicine licking bricks and understand the feeding effect of the Chinese herbal medicine licking bricks and provide a feasible reference for the optimization of the formula and technology of the new Chinese herbal medicine licking bricks of cattle and sheep in the future, the hardness of the Chinese herbal medicine licking bricks was tested by extrusion, hammer and soaking methods. After preliminary determination of the effect of the partide size of the material and the addition of cement and bentonite on the licking bricks, four different formulas(formula 1-4) of Chinese herbal medicine test bricks were made with salt, jujube powder, bentonite, licorice, Codonopsis, malt and other raw materials. Palatability tests were conducted on mice and mutton sheep to further optimize the formula of Chinese herbal medicine. Finally, the formula was determined according to the cost and processing difficulty. Three lick blocks of each formula was used to observe the feeding effect. Forty sheep with similar growth age were selected and divided into 4 groups with 10 sheep in each group, half male and half female. The experimental group of mutton sheep was fed with Chinese herbal medicine experimental bricks made with the optimized formula. Animals in the control group were fed with conventional diet. The intake of licking block, water intake, hair color, spirit and fecal ball hardness of each group were measured within 15 days, and the optimal formula was determined. The results showed that the hardness of test licking bricks made with material particle diameter of 1 mm was the highest. Formula 1, formula 3 and Formula 4 were better in licking and palatability, and the spirit, appetite, drinking water and defecation of mice and mutton sheep were normal without any toxic and side effects. Formula 2 was minimal on licking, defecation and water intake. Therefore, on the basis of formulations 1, 3 and 4, three experimental formulations of Chinese herbal medicine licking bricks(formulations A-C) we

关 键 词：中草药 舔砖 肉羊 硬度 适口性 饲喂效果 

分 类 号：S816.79[农业科学—饲料科学]