一种重载货车车钩强度的分析方法  

A Method for Analyzing Strength of Heavy-haul Coupler

作　　者：徐京涛 朱涛[1] 尹敏轩 王超[1] 肖守讷[1] 阳光武[1] 杨冰[1] XU Jingtao;ZHU Tao;YIN Minxuan;WANG Chao;XIAO Shoune;YANG Guangwu;YANG Bing(State Key Traction Power Laboratory,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机械制造与自动化》2022年第2期29-33,共5页Machine Building & Automation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52172409)。

摘　　要：以重载货车常用的16型、17型车钩为研究对象,设计一种比耦合车钩强度分析更便捷和准确的单车钩强度分析方法。进行车钩装配体的对拉试验,得到关键部位的应力测试结果;建立耦合车钩装配体有限元模型,得到车钩的应力状态。结果表明钩体仿真与试验较为吻合,钩舌仿真与试验存在较大差异。对17型车钩进行了详细的准静态受力分析,确定影响车钩载荷分布的关键参数,表明车钩自质量和纵向载荷作用点距车钩中线的距离对应力状态有较大的影响。通过调节车钩关键参数,采用单车钩模型对结构进行应力分析,钩舌与钩体的仿真与试验结果具有较好的一致性。该研究成果为重载货车车钩强度分析提供了一种新方法,具有一定的理论和运用价值。With 16 and 17 type couplers commonly used in heavy-haul freight car as the research object, a more convenient and accurate single coupler strength analysis method than coupled one was proposed. The pull test of the coupler assembly was carried to obtain the stress test results of the key parts. The finite element model of the coupled coupler assembly was established to achieve the stress state of the coupler. The comparison with the test results shows that the simulation results of the coupler are in good agreement with the test results, and the simulation results of the coupler tongue are quite different from the test results. A detailed quasi-static analysis of the 17 type coupler was conducted to define the key parameters affecting the load distribution of the coupler, which shows that the self-weight of the coupler and the distance between the action point of the longitudinal load and the central line of the coupler have great influence over the stress state.Through the adjustment of the key parameters of the coupler, the half coupler model was used to analyze the stress of the structure to find out that the simulation results of the coupler tongue and the coupler body are in good agreement with the test results. The research findings provide a new method for the analysis of the strength of heavy-haul couplers with certain theoretical and practical value.

关 键 词：重载车钩 准静态受力分析 静强度试验 仿真分析 

分 类 号：U270.12[机械工程—车辆工程]