“口袋罪”的刑法定位重述  

Restatement of the Role of“Pocket Crimes”in Criminal Law

作　　者：孙道萃[1] Sun Daocui(College of National Legal Aid of China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2022年第1期105-122,共18页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(20ZDA032);中国政法大学2021年校级科研创新项目“网络不正当竞争犯罪的刑法应对研究”(21ZFQ82004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：有必要理性重审对“口袋罪”的全面否定性评价“标签”。“口袋罪”绝非中国特色产物,立法者的能力瓶颈、立法的局限性与社会发展的需要才是其根本缘起。口袋罪名是历史产物,也是现实需求,是法治社会的正常现象并可有序释放正向能量。有必要中立、客观并全面评判,显现其遵从法治的秉性与本真。应调和、消弭其与罪刑法定原则之间的紧张关系。重述刑法应当是事先法而非保障法(事后法)的定位,可以为口袋罪名的存续提供原初的正当性依据。在立法分解上,既要容忍必要的“类罪型”立法技术,也要通过适度的活性化提升立法的适宜性,以清理“口袋罪”的立法病灶。在司法控制上,还要处理好与民意的科学引导、不良司法惯性的消解、刑事政策的扩张性遏制等之间的多重关系。The negative evaluation of“pocket crime”has reached a stage where it is necessary to be rationally reconsidered.Both the explicit and hidden pocket charges are at the other end of the cleanliness,solidified by a series of negative“tags”in theory,legislation,and justice.“Pocket crime”is not a product of Chinese characteristics.The bottleneck of legislator’s ability and the limitation of legislation are the root cause.“Pocket crime”is a historical product and a practical need,and is a normal phenomenon in a society ruled by law.Pocket crimes release their positive energy in an orderly manner by bearing humiliation.Many questions about“pocket crime”still need to be answered and rectified.It is clear that the tension between“pocket crime”and the principle of legality can be controlled and eliminated.By clarifying that the criminal law should be a prior law rather than a guarantee law,it can provide the original justification for pocket crimes.It is necessary to tolerate the necessary“crime-like”legislation,and improve the adaptability of legislation through appropriate legislative activity.Judicially,it is necessary to deal with the relationship between the guidance of judicial public opinion,the elimination of judicial inertia,and the expansion of criminal policy.

关 键 词：口袋罪 功过审视 理论拨正 立法消解 司法限制 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]