氮密互作对滨海稻区不同品种粳稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen-Density Interaction on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Different Japonica Rices in Coastal Region

作　　者：吕小红[1] 王宇[1] 马畅[1] 付立东[1] 任海[1] 隋鑫[1] 杜萌 李旭[1] 张文忠[2] 隋国民[3] LÜXiao-hong;WANG Yu;MA Chang;FU Li-dong;REN Hai;SUI Xin;DU Meng;LI Xu;ZHANG Wen-zhong;SUI Guo-min(Liaoning Saline-alkali Land Utilization and Research Institute,Panjin Liaonig 124010,China;Rice Research Institute,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所,辽宁盘锦124010 [2]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所,沈阳110161 [3]辽宁省农业科学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2022年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项项目(2018YFD0300300,2017YFD0300710);辽宁省农业重大专项项目(2019JH1/10200001-3)。

摘　　要：氮密互作对水稻生长发育方面的研究多集中在籼稻品种上,对粳稻尤其不同氮效率粳稻品种的报道较少,研究不同氮效率粳稻品种氮密互作下的产量特性和氮素吸收利用规律,为滨海稻区节肥增效提质栽培提供依据。以双高效型品种盐丰47和低氮高效型品种盐粳765为材料,考察施氮量与移栽密度对不同品种粳稻产量及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明:施氮量通过作用颖花量、实粒数、结实率和千粒重来调节产量,而移栽密度主要影响颖花量和实粒数以协调产量。在150~195kg·hm^(-2)施氮量范围内,可增大两个品种移栽密度;在240~285kg·hm^(-2)施氮量范围内,盐丰47的适宜移栽密度为(83.40~93.75)×10^(4)株·hm^(-2),盐粳765的适宜移栽密度为(93.75~107.25)×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)。成熟期秸秆氮素积累量、籽粒氮素积累量和氮素积累总量均随着施氮量增大而增多,其随密度的增大而呈现多元变化规律。两品种氮肥农学利用率总体上随着施氮量增加呈现下降趋势,盐丰47在N2D3处理的氮肥吸收利用率最高,达40.77%,而盐粳765则在N1D3处理的氮肥吸收利用率最高,达35.40%。综合考虑产量和氮肥吸收利用率,双高效型品种盐丰47的最佳氮密组合为施氮量195kg·hm^(-2),移栽密度107.25×10^(4)株·hm^(-2);低氮高效型品种盐粳765的最佳氮密组合为施氮量150kg·hm^(-2),移栽密度107.25×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)。采用最佳氮密组合有利于充分发挥两粳稻品种的产量潜力,进而实现水稻高产高效优质生产。Studies on the effect of nitrogen-density interaction on the growth and development of rice mainly focus on the indica rice varieties,and there were few reports on the japonica rice,especially the japonica rice varieties with different nitrogen efficiency.The yield characteristics and nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica rice varieties with different nitrogen efficiency were studied in this research to provide a practical basis for improving quality and fertilizer use efficiency in coastal region.The effects of nitrogen rate and transplanted density on yield and nitrogen utilization were researched by using the double high-efficiency variety Yanfeng 47 and the low-nitrogen-efficient variety Yangeng 765.It was found that the nitrogen rates determined the spikelets,the ripened kernels per panicle,the kernel setting rate and the 1000-grain weight to adjust the yield,while the transplanted density mainly affected spikelets number and grain number per panicle to coordinate the yield.In the range of 150-195kg·hm^(-2)N application,the transplanted density of Yanfeng 47 and Yangeng 765 could be increased,and in the range of 240-285kg·hm^(-2)N application,the suitable transplanting density of Yanfeng 47 was(83.40-93.75)×10^(4)plant·hm^(-2),the suitable transplanting density of Yangeng 765 was(93.75-107.25)×10^(4)plant·hm^(-2).The nitrogen accumulation in the straw,the grain nitrogen accumulation and the total nitrogen accumulation in the mature period all increased with the increase of nitrogen application,showing multiple changes with the increase of density.The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of the two varieties decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.The nitrogen use efficiency of Yanfeng 47 was the highest(40.77%)in N2D3 treatment,and that of Yangeng 765 was the highest(35.40%)in N1D3 treatment.Considering the yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization rate,the best nitrogen density combination of the double high-efficiency Variety Yanfeng 47 was N:195kg·hm^(-2),D:107.25×10^(4)plant·h

关 键 词：氮肥 密度 粳稻 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]