荷兰多层次洪水风险管理策略及给我国蓄滞洪区的借鉴  

Multi-layer flood risk management strategy in the Netherlands and its reference value for flood storage and detention areas in China

作　　者：俞茜[1,2] 李娜[1,2] 王艳艳[1,2] 杨蕙菁 YU Qian;LI Na;WANG Yanyan;YANG Huijing(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;Research Center on Flood&Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038 [3]中国农业大学,北京100091

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2022年第4期20-24,共5页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51909273);长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2240203);水利部水旱灾害防御战略研究人才创新团队项目(WH0145B042021)。

摘　　要：荷兰是世界上有名的低地国家,常年遭受洪水和北海风暴潮的侵袭。在历经多次洪水灾害后,荷兰的洪水管理策略从早期大量修建防洪工程向洪水风险管理转变。以荷兰多德雷赫特为例,详细分析了荷兰的多层次洪水风险管理策略:第1层是防洪,第2层是可持续的土地利用规划,第3层是灾害应急管理,通过统筹3层措施,切实减轻了洪水风险。针对我国蓄滞洪区面临的与多德雷赫特相似的问题,提出了对我国蓄滞洪区的4点借鉴:(1)基于成本效益分析和洪水风险分析制定防洪(分洪运用)标准;(2)因地制宜开展洪水韧性措施建设,提升蓄滞洪区内重要基础设施的防洪韧性;(3)进行蓄滞洪区洪水风险分区,分区运用,探索多种发展模式;(4)统筹考虑蓄滞洪区建设、运用与发展等多方面需求,进行蓄滞洪区综合管理。As one of the low-lying-land countries, the Netherlands is well known for its low elevation and flat topography,which makes it prone to floods and storm surges of the North Sea. After experiencing many flood disasters, the flood management strategies in the Netherlands have changed from construction of flood control projects at the early stage to flood risk management. Taking Dordrecht as a concrete example, the multi-layer flood risk management strategy of the Netherlands is analyzed in detail. Specifically, the first layer is flood prevention, the second layer is sustainable land use planning, and the third layer is disaster emergency management, which form a coordinated approach to effectively mitigate flood risks. Since China’s flood storage and detention areas(FSDAs) are facing similar problems as Dordrecht, we learn from their successful experience and put forward four practical suggestions for FSDAs:(1) develop flood prevention(flood diversion) standards based on both the cost-benefit and flood risk analysis;(2) adopt flood resilience measures according to local conditions so as to improve the flood resilience of critical infrastructures in FSDAs;(3) carry out flood risk zoning in FSDAs, propose a zoning application solution and explore multiple development models in each zone;(4) take the construction, application and development of FSDAs into consideration, and carry out comprehensive management of FSDAs.

关 键 词：分蓄洪策略 蓄滞洪区 洪水风险管理 韧性 荷兰 

分 类 号：TV877[水利工程—水利水电工程]