仿生非光滑摩擦衬片对制动器摩擦振动的影响  

Influence of Friction Lining with Bionic Non-smooth Surface on Friction-induced Vibration of Brake

作　　者：王国明[1] 袁琼[1] WANG Guo-ming;YUAN Qiong(Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工业职业技术学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2022年第2期157-166,共10页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1016)。

摘　　要：针对盘式制动器存在的制动摩擦振动现象和问题,设计出了3种具有仿生非光滑表面的摩擦衬片,即圆坑摩擦衬片、方坑摩擦衬片和混合坑摩擦衬片。对3种摩擦衬片进行了制动摩擦振动模拟分析,并与具有光滑摩擦衬片的制动器摩擦振动特性进行了对比,进行了复特征值分析。结果表明:当对摩擦衬片表面进行仿生形貌处理后,制动器产生模态耦合的频率和耦合数量发生变化,制动器出现部分振动频率缺失和新增的现象。这是由于表面处理使得摩擦衬片组件的整体刚度降低,使得模态频率减小,改变了其与制动器其他部件发生耦合的阶次。在3种非光滑仿生摩擦衬片中,具有混合坑的摩擦衬片在改善制动性能稳定性上效果最佳,其对应的制动器产生的不稳定振动频率的数量明显减少,振动倾向指数值最小。相比之下,圆坑摩擦衬片在三者之中抑制制动摩擦振动的效果最弱。对摩擦衬片表面进行仿生处理,有利于降低制动界面应力集中,使摩擦接触界面的应力分布更均匀,从而削弱界面能量堆积现象,这在一定程度上避免了能量以振动噪声的形式对外呈现,从而改善了制动性能稳定性。分析结果为改善制动稳定性的摩擦衬片表面仿生设计提供依据。To solve the brake friction vibration phenomenon and problems for disc brake,3 kinds of friction lining with bionic non-smooth surfaces,namely round pit lining,square pit lining and mixed pit lining,are designed.The friction-induced vibration of the 3 kinds of friction lining are simulated and analyzed,and their friction vibration characteristics are compared with that of the brake system with smooth friction lining.The complex eigenvalue analysis is conducted.The result shows that(1) When the friction lining is bionic treated,the model coupling frequency and quantity generated by the brake is changed,and part of the vibration frequencies of the brake system is missed or added.This is because that the surface treatment reduced the overall stiffness and the modal frequency of the friction linings,which consequently changed the coupling orders of the other parts of the brake.(2)The friction lining with mixed pits shows the best ability in improving the stability of the brake performance,the unstable vibration frequencies generated by the corresponding brake is significantly reduced,and the vibration tendency index is the smallest.By contrast,the round pit lining has the weakest effect of restraining braking friction vibration among the 3 kinds of friction lining.(3) The bionic treatment of the friction lining is beneficial to reduce the stress concentration of the braking interface,and make the stress distribution of the friction contact interface more uniform,thereby weaken the phenomenon of interface energy accumulation.This prevented the energy from appearing in the form of vibration and noise to a certain extent,thereby improved the stability of braking performance.The above analysis result can provide a theoretical basis for surface bionic design to improve the stability of brake system.

关 键 词：汽车工程 仿生设计 制动器 摩擦衬片 摩擦振动 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]