6061Al/Al_(2)O_(3)金属基复合材料组织和性能  

Microstructure and properties of 6061Al/Al_(2)O_(3) metal matrix composite materials

作　　者：毛建辉[1,2] 张玉贤 魏小华[1] 刘文军[1] MAO Jian-hui;ZHANG Yu-xian;WEI Xiao-hua;LIU Wen-jun(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Quzhou College of Technology,Quzhou 324000,Zhejiang,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300131,China)

机构地区：[1]衢州职业技术学院机电工程学院,浙江衢州324000 [2]河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津300131

出　　处：《中国冶金》2022年第3期43-48,共6页China Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275152);浙江省教育科学规划课题资助项目(2019SB065);衢州市科技计划资助项目(2021K30);衢州市科技指导性项目(2021059);浙江省教育厅高校访问工程师“校企合作项目”(FG2021214)。

摘　　要：以6061Al作为基质材料,利用液体冶金的搅拌铸造技术及挤压法制备Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒增强的金属基复合材料,选取6061Al添加3种质量分数为5%、10%和15%的Al_(2)O_(3)为研究对象,以改善6061Al/Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的力学性能。通过SEM分析表明,Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒在6061Al金属基体中的分布相当均匀;由X射线衍射试验结果显示,复合材料中只有6061Al和Al_(2)O_(3),且不会影响结晶性及6061Al的组织结构型态。试验结果表明,随着Al_(2)O_(3)添加量增加至15%,6061Al/Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度均有较大提高,但伸长率略有下降,由于材料孔隙率的提升,致密度下降,从而引起材料的硬度略微下降;分析磨损量与Al_(2)O_(3)添加量及磨损率与滑动距离的关系,结果显示商用6061Al的磨损率最大,而6061Al/Al_(2)O_(3)(15%)复合材料的磨损量最小,并且磨损率最低,这是由于在6061Al中加入Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒,Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒的存在可以减少磨粒对基体的犁削作用,有效提高基体的耐磨性。深入探讨Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒增强的金属基复合材料,发现颗粒增强体以很细的粉末(一般在20μm以下)加入到金属基中起到提高硬度、强度和耐磨性的作用;然而,Al_(2)O_(3)添加量越来越大时,其对6061Al系列材料的硬度、强度和耐磨耗性等性能将起到负面作用。An attempt was made to synthesize metal matrix composites by 6061 Al as a matrix material reinforced with ceramic Al_(2)O_(3)particles through liquid metallurgical method,and to prepare metal matrix composites reinforced using Al_(2)O_(3)particles by an extrusion method.The 6061 aluminum was chosen as the material of interest,in which the mass fraction of Al_(2)O_(3)was 15%,10% and 15% to be added,to improve the mechanical properties of the composites.The composites were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the result showed that the distribution of Al_(2)O_(3)particles in the 6061 Al metal matrix was quite uniform.X-ray diffraction results showed that there were only 6061 Al and Al_(2)O_(3)in the composites,which would not affect crystallinity and structure of 6061 Al.The experimental results showed that the hardness and the tensile strength of prepared composites were increased with the increase in mass fraction of Al_(2)O_(3)up to 15%,but the elongation rate of the composites was decreased slightly.Because the composite material had a higher porosity and lower density,which caused the decrease of material hardness.In addition,comparing with relationship between wear rate and sliding distance,and that between wear and Al_(2)O_(3)content in 6061 Al,the commercial 6061 Al alloy had the largest wear loss,while 6061 Al/Al_(2)O_(3)(15%) composite had the smallest amount of wear and the minimum wear rate,the presence of Al_(2)O_(3)particles could reduce the plowing effect of abrasive particles on the matrix and could effectively improve the wear resistance of the matrix.Through the in-depth discussion on the Al_(2)O_(3)particle reinforced metal matrix composites,the particle reinforcement was added to the metal matrix as a very fine powder(generally less than 20 μm),which played a role in improving the hardness,strength and wear resistance.However,when the content of Al_(2)O_(3)became enough,a negative effect on many properties including hardness,strength and wear resistance occurred.

关 键 词：6061铝合金 金属基复合材料 力学性能 氧化铝颗粒 微观结构 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]