微塑料的提取分离方法研究进展  

Research progress on the extraction and separation methods of microplastics

作　　者：宋小卫 吴晓凤[2] 宋小平[1] 石翠杰 张正东[1] SONG Xiaowei;WU Xiaofeng;SONG Xiaoping;SHI Cuijie;ZHANG Zhengdong(Environmental Metrology Center,National Institute of Metrology,Beijing,100029,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing,100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,环境计量中心,北京100029 [2]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第3期793-800,共8页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：中国计量科学研究院基本科研业务费(28-AKYZZ2028-20)资助。

摘　　要：微塑料作为海洋环境和陆生生态系统中的新型污染物,引起了广泛关注。然而目前微塑料的分析方法尚未标准化,不同研究结果间可比性较低。如何准确、高效地提取分离样品中的微塑料,是探究微塑料的环境行为及生态毒理学效应的关键前提。本文系统地综述了环境样品和水生生物样品中微塑料的前处理分析方法,包括筛分过滤法、密度分离法、消解法以及文献报道的其他方法,并对不同方法的优缺点及研究趋势进行了讨论和分析。结合不同前处理方法的优势,开展多种方法组合、比较等研究有利于微塑料分析方法的标准化。Microplastic as an emerging pollutant in the marine environment and terrestrial ecosystems has attracted widespread attention.However,the analysis methods of microplastics have not been standardized at present,which hampered the comparability between different research results.How to accurately and efficiently extract microplastics in samples is a crucial prerequisite for exploring the environmental behavior and ecotoxicological effects of microplastics.The pretreatment analysis methods of microplastics in environmental samples and aquatic biological samples were systematically reviewed in this paper,including sieve filtration method,density separation method,digestion method and other methods reported in the literature.Besides,the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and research trends were discussed.Combining the advantages of different pretreatment methods,carrying out studies with various method combinations and comparisons is conducive to the standardization of microplastic analysis methods.

关 键 词：微塑料 提取分离 浮选 密度分离 消解 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]