航线与里程:文昌七洲洋与西沙七洲洋的地理位置  

Routes and Mileages: Geographical Location of Wenchang Qizhouyang and Xisha Qizhouyang

作　　者：许盘清[1,2] 安俊丽 曹树基 Xu Panqing;An Junli;Cao Shuji(Institute of Historical and Cultural Map,Sanjiang University,Nanjing,210012;Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang,222000)

机构地区：[1]三江学院历史与文化地图研究院,江苏南京210012 [2]江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2022年第1期15-28,43,共15页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“基于西方古地图的越南沿海岛屿与古Paracel沿革详考”(17YJAZH112);国家社会科学基金资助项目“越南与中国南海地名考证及历史地理信息平台建设研究”(18BTQ048)。

摘　　要：自宋元至明清,中国古籍中七洲洋的含义不同,所指范围亦有所变化。本文通过方向、地名、航线与里程的综合分析,特别是将不同古籍对于同一航线各个航段的里程“更”的考证与计算,发现每更平均为21.3公里,这一结果在数字地图长距离航线的测量中通过检验。据此本文对中国古籍中七洲洋的含义及范围进行考证,结果发现七洲洋的地理范围随时代变化而扩大。明中期以前,中国古籍中的七洲洋大多指“文昌七洲洋”;明后期的中国古籍中也指“西沙七洲洋”,且“文昌七洲洋”与“西沙七洲洋”是两个不同的地理实体。与此同时,包括西沙群岛、中沙群岛和东沙群岛海域在内的“广义七洲洋”已经形成。七洲洋范围的演变经历了从明中期以前的相对稳定到明后期复杂多变的过程。It is well known that the meaning of Qizhouyang had varied in the historical documents from Song and Yuan Dynasties till Ming and Qing Dynasties. Through the comprehensive analysis of directions,place names, routes and mileages, and the verification and calculation of the Chinese traditional distance unit Geng in particular, the authors propose one Geng roughly equals 21.3 km in average, which withstands the different tests in terms of measurement of long-distance routes on digital maps. Based upon this proposal, the authors examine the meaning and scope of Qizhouyang which recorded in historical documents, and draw a conclusion that before mid-Ming Dynasty, most of the Qizhouyang referred to“Wenchang Qizhouyang”, and during the late Ming time, it changed to“Xisha Qizhouyang”.“Wenchang Qizhouyang”and“Xisha Qizhouyang”are two different geographical entities. At the same time, Qizhouyang in general including Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Dongsha Islands had formed. The range change of the Qizhouyang went through a period from relative stability before the mid Ming period to a complex and variable late Ming period.

关 键 词：文昌七洲洋 西沙七洲洋 广义七洲洋 更 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]