山洪对汶川县村镇建筑的破坏特征及影响因素分析  

Characterization and Impact Factors of the Damage to Village Buildings by Mountain Torrent Disasters in Wenchuan County

作　　者：甄亿位 刘曙光[1,2,3] 钟桂辉 周正正[1] 方琦 郑伟强 梁冀雨 ZHEN Yiwei;LIU Shuguang;ZHONG Guihui;ZHOU Zhengzheng;FANG Qi;ZHENG Weiqiang;LIANG Jiyu(College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;UN Environment-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development,Shanghai 200092,China;Key Laboratory of Cities Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai,China Meteorological Administration(CMACC),Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学土木工程学院,上海200092 [2]联合国环境署-同济大学环境与可持续发展学院,上海200092 [3]中国气象局上海城市气候变化应对重点开放实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《防灾减灾工程学报》2022年第1期1-11,23,共12页Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100401)资助。

摘　　要：受“5·12”汶川大地震对地表强烈扰动影响,汶川县近年来山洪灾害频发,对当地村镇房屋造成了严重破坏。汶川县2019年和2020年连续两年发生了“8·20”和“8·17”群发性特大山洪灾害,以两场山洪灾害中部分受损村镇建筑为研究对象,通过灾情数据挖掘和典型案例分析,总结了不同结构类型建筑破坏特征、沿河建筑破坏程度空间差异性和建筑遮掩效应等破坏特点以及冲击、冲刷、淤埋、浸泡等破坏方式。根据调研分析,结合山洪破坏特征,对现有建筑破坏等级标准进行改进,提出了山洪灾害下村镇建筑破坏分级标准。应用随机森林算法和统计分析方法,从水深暴露性、选址暴露性、物理脆弱性等方面综合分析了建筑洪灾破坏的主要影响因素及其作用关系。最后基于建筑受灾破坏情况分析,提出了提高山区村镇建筑防洪减灾能力的对策和建议。Due to the strong surface disturbance caused by the"5.12"Wenchuan earthquake,mountain torrent disasters have occurred frequently in Wenchuan County in recent years,causing serious damage to local houses.In Wenchuan County,two mountain torrent disasters,"8.20"and"8.17",occurred in 2019 and 2020.Taking some of the damaged village buildings in the two disasters as research objects,this paper summarized the damage characteristics of different structural types of buildings,the spatial variability of the damage degree of buildings along the river and the building masking effect,as well as the damage modes of impact,scouring,siltation and immersion through disaster data mining and typical case analysis.Based on the research and analysis,this paper improved the existing building damage grading criteria by combining the characteristics of mountain torrent damage,and then proposed the classification of mountain torrent damage to rural buildings.Applying random forest algorithm and statistical analysis methods,the main influencing factors of building flood damage and their relationships were comprehensively analyzed in terms of water depth exposure,site exposure,and physical vulnerability.Finally,based on the analysis of building damage,some suggestions were proposed to improve the flood mitigation capacity of buildings in mountainous villages.The research results lay the foundation for further research on the physical mechanism of building flood damage,and also provide references for flood prevention planning and disaster mitigation design of buildings in mountainous villages and towns.

关 键 词：山洪灾害 村镇建筑物 破坏特征 影响因素 汶川县 

分 类 号：TU12[建筑科学—建筑理论]