乡村振兴背景下农村小额信贷的普惠化路径探索--基于多案例比较分析  

Inclusive Path Exploration on Rural Microfinance in Rural Revitalization--AMulti-Case Comparative Analysis

作　　者：章文光 廖冰武[3] 申慕蓉 ZHANG Wenguang;LIAO Bingwu;SHEN Murong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院 [2]北京师范大学农村治理研究中心 [3]北京师范大学政府管理学院/农村治理研究中心

出　　处：《中共中央党校（国家行政学院）学报》2022年第2期89-99,共11页Journal of The Party School of The Central Committee of The C.P.C（Chinese Academy of Governance）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于市场导向的创新体系中政府作用边界、机制及优化”(18ZDA114)。

摘　　要：普惠金融是乡村振兴阶段支持“三农”发展的关键,作为金融扶贫“最后一公里”的服务,扶贫小额信贷为农村小额信贷普惠化的路径选择提供了经验。基于金融排斥和信息不对称的理论视角,对我国农村小额信贷的普惠化路径选择逻辑进行多案例实证分析发现,我国农村小额信贷市场处于供给有余但需求不足、道德风险可控但逆向选择严重的“市场失灵”状态。政府干预推动普惠化时应采取产业性政策支持和普惠性政策引导,相比于直接推行农村小额信贷市场对农户个人的普惠化,加强对企业和专业合作社的信贷普惠化更贴合客观现实需求;构建信用体系完善市场环境更符合市场实际情况;针对性地提供类似于扶贫小额信贷的手续简单、利率优惠的信贷服务,才能有效改变农村小额信贷市场中逆向选择带来的供求失衡。finance is the key to supporting the development of"agriculture,rural areas,and farmers"in the stage of rural revitalization.As the"last mile"service of financial poverty alleviation,the Poverty Alleviation Micro-credit program provided experience for the path selection of inclusive rural microfinance.Based on the theoretical perspective of financial exclusion and information asymmetry,this paper conducts a multi-case empirical analysis on the path selection logic of rural microfinance inclusion in China.It is found that China's rural microfinance market is in a state of"market failure"with surplus supply but insufficient demand,and controllable moral hazard but serious adverse selection.The government should adopt industrial policy support and inclusive policy guidance to intervene and promote inclusion.Compared with the direct implementation to make the rural microfinance market inclusive for individual farmers,strengthening the inclusive credit of enterprises and professional cooperatives is more in line with the objective and realistic needs;building a credit system to improve the market environment,is a better way to fit the actual market situation;and providing targeted credit services with simple procedures and preferential interest rates,which is similar to the Poverty Alleviation Micro-credit program,can effectively change the imbalance between supply and demand caused by adverse selection in the rural microfinance market.

关 键 词：普惠金融 扶贫小额信贷 金融排斥 信息不对称 

分 类 号：D26[政治法律—政治学]