考虑仪表板声腔的汽车防火墙总成声传递特性研究  

Study on Acoustic Transmission Characteristics of Firewall Assembly of Cars Considering the Effect of Instrument Panel Acoustic Cavity

作　　者：胡杰宏 潘殿龙 潘作峰 汤乐超 陈曦 李登山 HU Jiehong;PAN Dianlong;PAN Zuofeng;TANG Lechao;CHEN Xi;LI Dengshan(NVH Research Institute of General R&D Institute of FAWGroup Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130011,China;State Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Technology on Automobile Vibration and Noise and Safety Control,Changchun 130011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国第一汽车集团有限公司研发总院NVH研究所,长春130011 [2]汽车振动噪声与安全控制综合技术国家重点实验室,长春130011

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2022年第2期154-160,172,共8页Noise and Vibration Control

摘　　要：根据前机舱噪声向车内传递的路径及降噪原理,分析前围挡板衬垫重层面密度、吸声层厚度和橡胶护套结构对防火墙总成隔声性能及仪表板声腔声压的影响,得出采用适当厚度纯吸声材料前围挡板衬垫代替传统“重层+吸声层”前围挡板衬垫能降低仪表板声腔声压的结论。基于上述研究结论,在某电动车前围挡板衬垫优化过程中,提出较原方案降重72%的新方案,整车声传函测试和噪声测试结果表明轻量化样件NVH性能在低频段与原方案相当,在中高频段优于原方案。最后总结防火墙总成声传递特性设计的一些原则。According to the transmission path of the noise from the front cabin to the car inside and the theory of noise reduction, the influences of the density of the front heavy layer, the thickness of the absorption layer and the structure of the rubber sheath on the sound insulation performance of the firewall assembly and the sound pressure of the instrument panel(IP) cavity are studied. It is concluded that the sound pressure of the IP cavity can be reduced by replacing the traditional "heavy layer + absorption layer" structure inner-dash insulators by the pure absorption material structure. In the optimization process of the inner-dash insulators of an electric vehicle, based on the above conclusions, a new scheme of 72 % weight reduction is proposed. The results of the vehicle acoustic transmission test and noise test show that the NVH performance of the lightweight sample is comparable to the original scheme in low frequency range, and better than the original scheme in medium and high frequency range. Finally, some principles for the design of the firewall assembly sound transmission characteristics are summarized.

关 键 词：声学 仪表板声腔 防火墙总成 前围挡板衬垫 声传递特性 

分 类 号：U467[机械工程—车辆工程] TB533[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]