寄主转换对美国白蛾幼虫生长发育和消化酶活性的影响  

Effects of host switch on the development and digestive enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea(Lepidoptera:Erebidae)larvae

作　　者：耿薏舒 赵旭东 韩阳阳 乔恒 郝德君[1,2] GENG Yi-Shu;ZHAO Xu-Dong;HAN Yang-Yang;QIAO Heng;HAO De-Jun(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;Forest Station of Shanghai, Shanghai 200072, China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [3]上海市林业总站,上海200072

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2022年第3期312-321,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2021]17);上海市绿化和市容管理局科研专项(G221207)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确寄主转换对美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea幼虫生长发育以及体内消化酶活性的影响,探究美国白蛾幼虫在不同寄主植物之间转换后的适应性与生理响应机制。【方法】在实验室条件下,人工饲料饲养美国白蛾一代后,第2代初孵幼虫分别持续饲喂落羽杉Taxodium distichum与日本晚樱Cerasus serrulata,建立室内美国白蛾落羽杉种群和日本晚樱种群。在两个种群幼虫发育至3龄时,分别取食原寄主和转换寄主植物,形成4个处理组,即持续取食落羽杉的美国白蛾种群(T-T)、持续取食日本晚樱的美国白蛾种群(C-C)、取食落羽杉转至取食日本晚樱的美国白蛾种群(T-C)和取食日本晚樱转至取食落羽杉的美国白蛾种群(C-T),测定其生长发育参数(发育历期、幼虫存活率、幼虫平均体重和蛹重)和5龄幼虫营养效应指标[相对生长率(relative growth rate,RGR)、相对取食量(relative consumption rate,RCR)、食物利用率(efficiency conversion of ingested food,ECI)、食物转化率(efficiency conversion of digested food,ECD)和近似消化率(approximate digestibility,AD)],并利用酶动力学方法检测了寄主转化过程中美国白蛾4龄幼虫中肠消化酶(总蛋白酶、强碱性胰蛋白酶、弱碱性胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活性。【结果】在寄主转换处理条件下,不同处理的美国白蛾发育历期、蛹重和幼虫存活率存在显著差异。T-T幼虫历期和蛹期均最短,幼虫存活率最高;C-C幼虫历期和蛹期均最长,幼虫死亡率最高;而转换寄主后,美国白蛾的生长发育指标与早期寄主上的有显著差异。T-C幼虫的相对取食量显著低于其他种群的,食物利用率和食物转化率均显著高于其他种群的。T-C幼虫的近似消化率最低,C-C幼虫的近似消化率最高,而其他2个种群间近似消化率无显著差异。寄主转换处理后,美国白蛾幼虫中肠消化酶呈现不同的活力水平,C-C幼【Aim】This study aims to clarify the effects of host switch on the development and digestive enzyme activities of the larvae of the fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea,and to further explain the adaptive and physiological response mechanisms of H.cunea larvae after switching between different host plants.【Methods】Under laboratory conditions,the first generation of H.cunea was reared on artificial diets.Following that the newly hatched larvae of H.cunea of the second generation were continuously reared on Taxodium distichum(T-T population)and Cerasus serrulata(C-C population),respectively.Then the larvae of H.cunea reached the 3rd instar,T-T and C-C populations were fed with their original and switched host plants,respectively,resulting in four treatment combinations:T-T population,C-C population,H.cunea population feeding on C.serrulata switching from feeding on T.distichum(T-C population),and H.cunea population feeding on T.distichum switching from feeding on C.serrulata(C-T population).Meanwhile,the growth and development parameters(developmental duration,larval survival rate,mean larval weight and pupal weight)of H.cunea larvae and the nutrition indices[relative growth rate(RGR),relative consumption rate(RCR),efficiency conversion of ingested food(ECI),efficiency conversion of digested food(ECD)and approximate digestibility(AD)]of the 5th instar larvae of the four treatments were tested.Furthermore,the activities of six digestive enzymes[total protease,high-alkaline trypsin,low-alkaline trypsin,chymotrypsin,amylase,and lipase]in the midgut of the 4th instar larvae of H.cunea during host switching were examined by the enzyme kinetics method.【Results】Under the conditions of host switch,there were significant differences in the developmental duration,pupal weight,and larval survival rate of H.cunea.The T-T population had the shortest larval and pupal duration and the highest larval survival rate,while the C-C population had the longest larval and pupal duration and the highest larval mortality rate.Meanwhile

关 键 词：美国白蛾 寄主转换 生长发育 消化酶 营养效应 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]