昆虫对CO_(2)感受机制的研究进展  

Research progress of the mechanism of CO_(2) perception in insects

作　　者：陈秋燕 刘杨[1] 王桂荣[1] CHEN Qiu-Yan;LIU Yang;WANG Gui-Rong(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2022年第3期386-398,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31861133019,31725023)。

摘　　要：CO_(2)是空气的重要组分,它既是植物光合作用的主要原料之一,也可以作为环境中的化学信号直接影响昆虫的生命活动。CO_(2)在双翅目、鞘翅目和鳞翅目昆虫的觅食行为中都发挥着重要作用;CO_(2)可以影响蝇类和蛾类的产卵行为;CO_(2)是社会性昆虫调节巢穴内气候条件的重要指标。对昆虫感受CO_(2)的机制研究一方面可以拓展对昆虫化学感受体系的认知,另一方面可以给害虫监测和防治提供新的策略。从2007年在果蝇Drosophilia中鉴定得到GR21a和GR63a两个共表达的CO_(2)受体基因以来,随着高通量测序技术的发展,结合同源比对分析,多种昆虫的CO_(2)受体基因得到了鉴定,至此,昆虫在外周神经水上感受CO_(2)机制的研究进展有了重大突破。昆虫的CO_(2)受体基因表达在特定的受体神经元上,这些受体神经元能够感受环境中极低浓度的CO_(2),并将CO_(2)信号进一步传导至脑的中枢神经系统。昆虫在中枢神经水平上对CO_(2)信号的处理分为在脑初级中枢-触角叶中的处理和在脑高级中枢的处理。触角叶内的CO_(2)投射神经元在触角叶中的特定嗅小球内形成复杂的树突,然后这些投射神经元继续向脑的高级中枢投射到前脑的侧角,再向上投射到蕈形体冠。一些昆虫的基因组中并未鉴定到CO_(2)受体基因的同源基因,但这些昆虫对CO_(2)的反应早有报道,这暗示昆虫中存在其他感受CO_(2)的通路。本文从CO_(2)对昆虫生命活动的重要性、昆虫在外周神经水平上感受CO_(2)的机制、昆虫在中枢神经水平上感受CO_(2)的机制、昆虫中其他感受CO_(2)的通路4个方面综述了相关研究进展,着重介绍了CO_(2)对昆虫的影响和CO_(2)受体基因的鉴定及功能研究,旨在为后续的CO_(2)感受机制的研究和绿色防控手段的开发提供可借鉴的思路和方法。Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is an important component of air.It is not only one of the main raw materials for plant photosynthesis,but also directly affects the life activities of insects as a chemical signal.CO_(2) plays an important role in the foraging behavior of Diptera,Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.CO_(2) can affect the oviposition behavior of flies and moths.CO_(2) is an important indicator for social insects to adjust the climatic conditions in the nest.The research on the mechanism of CO_(2) perception in insects can help to better understand the chemosensory systems in insects,and may also provide some new strategies for pest monitoring and control.Since the two CO_(2) receptor genes GR21a and GR63a co-expressed in Drosophilia were indentified in 2017,CO_(2) receptor genes of many insect species have been identified with the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques combined with sequence homology analysis.For this reason,the major breakthrough has been made in the research for the mechanism of CO_(2) perception at the peripheral nervous system level in insects.The CO_(2) receptor genes of insects are expressed on specific receptor neurons,which have the ability of sensing small fluctuations in the external CO_(2) in the environment and further transmit the CO_(2) signal to the central nervous system of the brain.The transduction of CO_(2) signal in the central nervous system can be divided into the processing in the primary brain center-antennal lobe and the processing in the higher brain center in insects.CO_(2)-projecting neurons form complex dendrites within specific glomerulus in the antennal lobe,and then continue to project toward the lateral horn and upward to the mushroom body of the higher centers in the brain.Homologous genes of CO_(2) receptor genes have not been identified in the genomes of some insects,but the responses of these insects to CO_(2) have been reported earlier,suggesting that other pathways sensing CO_(2) exist in these insects.We summarized the related research progress fro

关 键 词：CO_(2) 感受机制 味觉受体 受体神经元 功能鉴定 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]