由河道输入太湖的含营养盐泥沙拦截试验  

Interception experiment of nutrient-laden cohesive sediment imported from river channel into Lake Taihu

作　　者：何翔宇 燕文明 吴挺峰[2] 杨腾腾 胡润涛 HE Xiang-yu;YAN Wen-ming;WU Ting-feng;YANG Teng-teng;HU Run-tao(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学,水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第4期1854-1860,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目第五课题(2017YFC0405205);“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金资助项目(2020491811);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41790425,41971047,41621002,42071118)。

摘　　要：在太湖主要入湖河道大浦港河口构建了泥沙拦截槽,结合泥沙沉降观测,分析利用泥沙拦截槽削减经由河道输入太湖的外源性泥沙及营养盐的可行性.结果表明:拦沙槽可以有效收集外源悬浮泥沙及其携带的氮磷污染物.拦沙槽以平均-33.99m^(3)/月的速率淤积,其中在夏秋季淤积较快,最大单月沉降量达到66.34m^(3),在2020年7月~2021年6月内共收集了淤泥407.89m^(3),总氮236.91kg,总磷36.46kg.拦沙槽收集的泥沙和营养盐主要来源于太湖流域湖西片区,湖心站沉降的泥沙和营养盐则主要来源于本地底泥再悬浮,相关性分析表明拦沙槽对于总磷的拦截能力优于总氮.据此,建议在沿入湖河道最密集的太湖西岸的滨岸带开挖拦沙槽,在对太湖各项功能影响最小的前提下,每年可有效减少外源性泥沙输入并降低湖泊氮磷负荷,为太湖控制外源泥沙污染物提供新的治理手段,助力太湖富营养化问题的解决.The sediment trap experiment was conducted at the estuary of Dapu River to study the feasibility of using sediment trap to reduce the exogenous sediment and nutrients into Lake Taihu.The results showed that the sediment trap could effectively collect the exogenous sediment and the nutrients carried by the river.The sediment trap was deposited at an average rate of-33.99m^(3)/month,and the maximum monthly sedimentation(66.34m^(3))appeared in September.The annual-averaged collection of suspended solids,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus were 407.89m^(3),236.91kg,36.46kg,respectively.The sediment and nutrients collected by the sediment trap mainly came from the Dapu River,which mainly came from locals in the center observation station.Correlation analysis showed that the sediment trap’s intercepting capacity for total phosphorus was better than that of total nitrogen.Therefore,this paper proposed to excavate sediment traps along the shoreline of the west bank of Lake Taihu,where the estuaries were the densest,which could effectively reduce the load of exogenous sediment and nutrients in Lake Taihu.This study provided a new method for the problem of eutrophication in Lake Taihu.

关 键 词：拦沙槽 外源泥沙 沉降筒 总氮 总磷 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]