佩戴口罩对血液透析患者呼吸道感染的预防作用  

Preventive effect of wearing masks on the respiratory tract infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis

作　　者：钱慧雯 季顺东[2] 高磊[3] 季成[1] 仲崇科 张永红[5] 侯纯琦[4] QIAN Huiwen;JI Shundong;GAO Lei(Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,First Affiliated Hospital,Soochow University,Suzhou 215000,CHINA)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科,江苏215000 [2]苏州大学附属第一医院血栓室,江苏215000 [3]苏州大学附属第一医院信息处,江苏215000 [4]苏州大学附属第一医院血液透析中心,江苏215000 [5]苏州大学医学部公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,江苏215000

出　　处：《江苏医药》2022年第3期303-306,共4页Jiangsu Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的分析冬春季佩戴口罩对血液透析患者呼吸道感染的预防作用。方法回顾性分析2017—2020年每年2~4月因肾衰竭行规律血液透析患者的临床资料;其中,2020年患者治疗时严格佩戴口罩,2017—2019年患者治疗时未佩戴口罩。分析佩戴口罩对呼吸道感染率的影响。结果与2017、2018、2019年相比,2020年患者佩戴口罩后呼吸道感染率降低(0.16%vs.0.36%、0.36%、0.47%)(P<0.01)。2020年年龄<60岁和血液透析时间>2年患者佩戴口罩后呼吸道感染率均较2017、2018、2019年降低(0.12%vs.0.44%、0.42%、0.49%和0.18%vs.0.42%、0.43%、0.50%)(P<0.01或P<0.05);而2017—2020年间年龄≥60岁和血液透析时间≤2年患者的呼吸道感染率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在呼吸道感染高发季节佩戴口罩可以有效降低血液透析患者呼吸道感染率,尤其是年龄<60岁和血液透析时间>2年的患者。Objective To analyze the preventive effect of wearing masks in the winter and spring on the respiratory tract infection in the patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods The clinical data of the patients with renal failure underwent regular hemodialysis from February to April in 2017—2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients in 2020 strictly wore masks during the treatment,while those in 2017,2018 and 2019 did not wear masks.The effect of wearing masks on the respiratory tract infection rate was analyzed.Results Compared with the patients in 2017,2018 and 2019,the respiratory tract infection rate was lower in the patients in 2020(0.16%vs.0.36%,0.36%and 0.47%)(P<0.01).The respiratory tract infection rate in the patients aged<60 years old and with the hemodialysis time>2 years in 2020 was lower than that in the patients in 2017,2018 and 2019(0.12%vs.0.44%,0.42%,0.49%and 0.18%vs.0.42%,0.43%,0.50%)(P<0.01 or P<0.05).There were no statistical differences in the respiratory tract infection rate in the patients aged≥60 years old and with the hemodialysis time≤2 years among the patients in 2017 to 2020(P>0.05).Conclusion Wearing masks can effectively reduce the respiratory tract infection rate in the patients undergoing hemodialysis,especially in the patients aged<60 years old and with the hemodialysis time>2 years.

关 键 词：口罩 血液透析 呼吸道感染 

分 类 号：R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]