三类稻作烟田的烤烟生长、物质积累分配及养分利用效率特征  

Characteristics of growth, matter accumulation and distribution and nutrient use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco in three rice-tobacco fields

作　　者：黄杰 张敏 邓永晟 肖汉乾 肖文锋 陈治锋 单雪华 颜成生 向鹏华 邓小华[1] HUANG Jie;ZHANG Min;DENG Yong-sheng;XIAO Han-qian;XIAO Wen-feng;CHEN Zhi-feng;SHAN Xue-hua;YAN Cheng-sheng;XIANG Peng-hua;DENG Xiao-hua(College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Academy of Educational Sciences,Changsha 410005,China;Tobacco Department of Hunan Tobacco Company,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Tobacco Company Hengyang Company,Hengyang,Hunan 421000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省教育科学研究院,长沙410005 [3]湖南省烟草公司烟叶处,长沙410004 [4]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第3期655-661,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省烟草专卖局科技项目(19-22Aa03)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确湖南稻茬烤烟生长、物质积累分配、养分利用效率。【方法】采用典型案例调查方法,研究保障烟田、适产烟田和丰产烟田等3类稻作烟田的烤烟根系、地上部农艺性状和干物质、氮、磷、钾、烟碱的积累与分配动态变化,以及氮、磷、钾养分利用效率。【结果】丰产烟田的烟株根系发达、数量多、吸收表面积大,茎杆粗壮,叶面积大,干物质和氮、磷、钾养分的积累较多。在烤烟移栽后90 d,丰产烟田的烤烟总干物质和氮、磷、钾、烟碱积累量较适产烟田分别高35.08%、33.84%、18.18%、28.03%、25.24%,较保障烟田烤烟分别高70.41%、44.51%、63.53%、59.94%、21.81%。适产烟田氮、磷、钾收获指数较高。【结论】稻茬烤烟生产要选择适宜土壤类型,实行秸秆全量还田以提高土壤有机质,及早冬翻晒垡促进土壤熟化,重视中耕培土以提高土壤通气性和地温,促进烤烟早生快发。【Objective】The present study aimed to clarify the growth, material accumulation and distribution, and nutrient utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco-rice rotation fields for Hunan.【Method】The dynamic changes of root system, above ground agronomic characters, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nicotine accumulation and distribution, as well as the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in three types of tobacco-rice rotation fields were studied by using typical case investigation method. 【Result】Tobacco plants in high yield fields had developed root system, large quantity, large absorption surface area, thick stem, large leaf area, and more accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. 90 days after transplanting, the total dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nicotine accumulation in high yield fields were 35.08%, 33.84%, 18.18%, 28.03% and 25.24% higher than those in suitable yield fields, and 70.41%, 44.51%, 63.53%, 59.94% and 21.81% higher than those in safeguarding yield field, respectively. The harvest index of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher in suitable yield fields. 【Conclusion】The suitable soil types should be selected for tobacco production. Straw should be full returned to the field to improve soil organic matter. Early winter ploughing should be carried out to promote soil ripening. Attention should be paid to the cultivation of soil to improve soil aeration and soil temperature, so as to promote early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：烤烟生长 物质积累与分配 土壤类型 产量水平 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]