饲养方式对藏系绵羊粪便微生物结构与功能的影响  

Effects of feeding patterns on fecal microorganism structure and function of Tibetan sheep

作　　者：张怀霞 张莹莹 任昊 谢雯 陈倩 侯生珍[1] 贾建磊[1] ZHANG Huai-xia;ZHANG Ying-ying;REN Hao;XIE Wen;CHEN Qian;HOU Sheng-zhen;JIA Jian-lei(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Laboratory Management Office,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]青海大学实验室管理处,西宁810016

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第3期692-699,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2020-ZJ-735)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索全舍饲饲养方式取代传统饲养方式后对藏系绵羊粪便微生物菌群结构与功能的影响。【方法】选择高原型藏羊后备母羊12只(1~1.5岁),随机分为2组,每组6只,分别进行全舍饲饲养(RS)和自然放牧饲养(RF),试验期60 d。试验期第58~60天,采用全收粪法收集不同饲养方式下藏系绵羊粪便,进行16S rDNA测序。【结果】(1)不同饲养方式下的藏羊粪便微生物菌群结构差异显著(P<0.05),在自然放牧饲养方式下藏羊粪便微生物菌群多样性高于全舍饲饲养方式。(2)在门分类水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是藏羊粪便微生物菌群中的优势菌门,全舍饲组样本中的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)的相对含量显著高于自然放牧组(P<0.05)。(3)在科分类水平上,瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)和毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)为优势菌科,自然放牧组在克里斯滕森菌科(Christensenellaceae)和拟杆菌科(Bacteroidaceae)的含量显著高于全舍饲组(P<0.05)。(4)KEGG功能注释表明,2组藏羊粪便微生物菌群功能主要都集中在新陈代谢、基因信息处理和环境信息处理。【结论】不同的饲养方式虽然对藏羊粪便微生物菌群结构影响差异显著,但对微生物功能的影响不明显,表明藏系绵羊能够适应全舍饲饲养模式,适合集约化规模化养殖。【Objective】The present study aimed to explore the effects of whole-house feeding instead of traditional feeding on the structure and function of fecal microflora of Tibetan sheep. 【Method】Twelve Tibetan ewes(1-1.5 years old) were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 ewes in each group. The experiment lasted for 60 days, and the whole house feeding(RS) and natural grazing(RF) were used respectively. On the 58-60 days of the experiment period, feces of Tibetan sheep under different feeding methods were collected by total fecal collection method, and 16 S rDNA sequencing was performed. 【Result】(ⅰ)The microbial community structure of Tibetan sheep feces under different feeding modes had significant differences(P<0.05),and the microbial community diversity of Tibetan sheep feces under natural grazing was higher than that under total house feeding.(ⅱ)At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in Tibetan sheep feces, and the relative contents of Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes in the storied feeding group were significantly higher than those in the grazing group(P<0.05).(ⅲ)At the level of family classification, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were the dominant families, and the contents of Christensen and Bacteroidaceae in the natural grazing group were significantly higher than those in the whole housekeeping feeding group(P<0.05).(iv)KEGG functional annotation showed that the functions of the microbial communities in the two groups mainly focused on metabolism, genetic information processing and environmental information processing. 【Conclusion】Therefore, we believe that although different feeding modes have significant differences in the microbial flora structure of Tibetan sheep feces, there is no obvious effect on microbial function, indicating that Tibetan sheep can adapt to the whole-house feeding mode and is suitable for intensive large-scale breeding.

关 键 词：藏系绵羊 全舍饲饲养 自然放牧饲养 粪便微生物 菌群结构功能 

分 类 号：S826.5[农业科学—畜牧学]