八角枫等5种有毒中药的叶片部位超显微结构研究  

Ultramicrostructure of leaves of five toxic Chinese herbs including Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms

作　　者：徐璐 杨晶凡[1] 沈致睿 鲁桑雨 陈随清[1] XU Lu;YANG Jingfan;SHEN Zhirui;LU Sangyu;CHEN Suiqing(Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chinese Medicine Chemistry,Zhengzhou Henan 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学,河南省中药资源与中药化学重点实验室,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国药物警戒》2022年第4期361-368,共8页Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100802-03);全国代表性区域特色中药资源保护利用(第四次中药资源普查专项)(2100601)。

摘　　要：目的对八角枫、白屈菜、断肠草、龙葵、白英等5种有毒中草药的叶片部位进行形态结构鉴别,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法采用扫描电镜对八角枫、白屈菜、断肠草、龙葵、白英等进行超显微结构鉴别研究。结果八角枫叶有不定式、平轴式、环式3种气孔类型,棒状非腺毛,主脉有2个外韧型维管束;白屈菜叶有不定式、环式2种气孔类型,下表皮有单柄腺毛和多细胞非腺毛,主脉含1个外韧型维管束;断肠草叶表面有散落针晶,平轴式、不定式、环式3种气孔类型,主脉含1个周韧型维管束;龙葵叶有不定式、不等式、辐射型3种气孔类型,多细胞非腺毛,主脉含1个双韧型维管束及砂晶;白英叶有少量单柄腺毛及大量分枝多细胞非腺毛,下表皮有不定式、环式2种气孔类型,表面有散落砂晶,主脉含1个双韧型维管束及砂晶。结论5种有毒中草药叶片各自都具有鲜明的显微特征,可为有毒中药材的鉴定及质量评价提供理论依据。Objective To observe the ultrastructure of poisonous herbal medicines,such as Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms.Chelidonium majus L.Geisemium elegans(Gardn.et Champ.)Benth.Solanum nigrum L.and Solanum lyratum Thunb.in order to provide reference for safe medication.Methods Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to identify the ultramicrostructure of these herbs.Results There were three types of stomata in the leaves of Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms:anomocytic,paracytic,and actinocytic.There was non-glandular and rod-shaped hair and two collateral vascular bundles in the midrib.There were two types of stomata in the leaves of Chelidonium majus L:anomocytic and actinocytic.There was single stalk glandular hair and multicellular non-glandular hair in the lower epidermis and one collateral vascular bundle in the midrib.There was calcium oxalate crystal on the leaf surface of Geisemium elegans(Gardn.et Champ.)Benth.with three types of stomata:anomocytic,paracytic and actinocytic.One amphicribral vascular bundle was found in the midrib.The leaves of Solanum nigrum L.also had three types of stomata:anomocytic,anisocytic,and actinocytic.There was also multicellular non-glandular,with one bicollateral vascular bundle and sand crystals in the midrib.There was a small amount of single-stalk glandular hair and a large amount of branching multicellular non-glandular hair in the leaves of Solanum lyratum Thunb.There were two types of stomata in the lower epidermis:anomocytic and actinocytic.Sand crystals were scattered on the surface.Conclusion The leaves of 5 types of toxic Chinese herbal medicines have distinct microscopic characteristics,which can facilitate the identification and quality evaluation of toxic Chinese herbal medicines.

关 键 词：有毒中药 八角枫 白屈菜 断肠草 龙葵 白英 叶 扫描电镜 中药鉴定 超微结构 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]