贵州特有苍背木莲种实性状与苗木生长特征  

Study on Seed and Cone Trait and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Manglietia glaucifolia Endemic Plants in Guizhou

作　　者：李茂 李鹤 申敬民 杨成华 LI Mao;LI He;SHEN Jingmin;YANG Chenhua(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵阳550005

出　　处：《种子》2022年第3期92-98,F0003,共8页Seed

基　　金：贵州木莲属优良观赏植物种质资源收集及栽培技术研究(黔科合支撑[2016]2573号)。

摘　　要：苍背木莲是贵州省特有植物,分布区域狭窄,对其研究极少。以从江县采集的果实、种子及其培育的苗木为研究对象,调查采种母树生境,测定果实种子性状,开展播种发芽试验,连续3年观测苗木每10天苗高、地径生长量,并用SPSS软件进行分析,对三年生实生苗出圃时测量其苗高、地径、根长等指标并进行质量分级。结果表明,苍背木莲零散分布在常绿阔叶林乔木层下层,多为自花授粉,果实为聚合蓇葖果,不易结果;种子败育率高,出芽率低;一年生幼苗的苗高、地径生长过程可以用Logistic方程进行拟合,划分为出苗期、生长初期、生长盛期和生长后期;第2年生长缓慢,第3年开始迅速生长,并且每年5月中旬至7月中旬为速生期;三年生实生苗出圃时平均苗高为67.82 cm、地径为19.47 mm、主根长为35.32 cm;质量分级标准Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥80.00 cm、地径≥11.00 mm,Ⅱ级苗:80.00 cm>苗高≥55.00 cm、11.00 mm>地径≥9.50 mm,Ⅲ级苗:苗高<55.00 cm,地径<9.50 mm。Manglietia glaucifolia is an endemic plant in Guizhou Province,which has a narrow distribution area and it rarely studied.The fruits,seeds and seedlings collected from Congjiang County were taken as research objects to investigate the habitats of mother trees,determine the fruit seed traits,and carry out seeding and germination tests.Seedling height and ground diameter growth every 10 days were observed for 3 consecutive years,and analyzed with SPSS software.Seedling height,ground diameter,root length and other indicators were measured after the three-year seedlings were released from the nursery,and the quality was graded.The results showed that M.glaucifolia distributed in the lower layer of evergreen broad-leaved forest and was mostly self-pollinated,and the fruits were polymeric follicles,which were not easy to bear fruit.And,the seed failure rate was high and the germination rate was low.The growth process of seedling height and diameter of one-year old seedlings could be fitted by Logistic equation,which was divided into seedling emergence,early growth period,full growth period and late growth period.The second year of growth was slow,and the third year started to grow rapidly,and the rapid growth period was from mid-May to mid-July every year.The average height of the 3-year-old live seedlings was 67.82 cm,the ground diameter was 19.47 mm,and the main root length was 35.32 cm,Quality classification standard followed as the seedling height≥80.00 cm and the ground diameter≥11.00 mm for GradeⅠseedling,while the seedling height≥55.00 cm and the seedling height<80.00 cm and the ground diameter≥9.50 mm and the ground diameter<11.00 mm for GradeⅡseedling.In addition,the seedling height<55.00 cm and the ground diameter<9.50 mm for GradeⅢseedling.

关 键 词：苍背木莲 果实性状 种子性状 实生苗 苗木生长 苗木质量 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]