温度变化对休耕期冬水田天敌捕食猎物的影响及天敌耐冷性分析  

Effect of temperature change on the predation of predatory arthropods from winter-spring fallow waterlogged paddy fields on their prey and the cold tolerance of the predators

作　　者：孙佳琦 王光华 任应党[2] 陈琴 白耀宇[1] SUN Jiaqi;WANG Guanghua;REN Yingdang;CHEN Qin;BAI Yaoyu(College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Agricultural Technology Service Center of Shapingba District,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400716 [2]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州450002 [3]重庆市沙坪坝区农业技术服务中心,重庆400030

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第7期2943-2961,共19页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合项目(U1704234);国家自然科学基金(31772161)。

摘　　要：为评估冬水田休耕季节长达6—8个月温度变化对稻田主要捕食性天敌通过觅食策略维持其种群发生的影响,在室内测定了两种代表性温度下青翅蚁形隐翅甲Paederus fuscipes成虫、拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus和拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata成蛛、亚成蛛对天台刺齿虫兆Homidia tiantaiensis和白翅叶蝉Thaia rubiginosa成虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应、自身密度干扰效应以及捕食偏好性;测定了这些捕食者在这两种温度诱导下的过冷却点(Supercooling point, SCP)和结冰点(Freezing point, FP)。结果表明,温度变化显著影响了捕食性天敌的捕食功能反应、对猎物的搜寻效应以及自身密度的干扰反应。在22℃和12℃下,捕食者对刺齿虫兆和叶蝉的捕食功能反应均符合Holling II模型。由捕食功能反应可知,22℃下捕食者对两种猎物的捕食量均高于12℃下的捕食量,两种温度下捕食者对刺齿虫兆的捕食量要显著高于对叶蝉的捕食量。22℃下捕食者对两种猎物的瞬时攻击率、最大捕食量和a/T_(h)值均相应地高于12℃下的值,而22℃下它们对两种猎物的处理时间则相应地小于12℃下的处理时间。在同一猎物相同温度下,狼蛛和豹蛛亚成蛛的瞬时攻击率、最大捕食量和a/T_(h)值均相应地高于狼蛛和豹蛛成蛛的值,它们的处理时间则明显小于其成蛛的处理时间。隐翅甲的最大捕食量和a/T_(h)值在12℃叶蝉试验中均最大,而其处理时间则最小;其它条件下的隐翅甲参数值通常介于狼蛛和豹蛛成蛛、亚成蛛各参数值之间。捕食者对两种猎物的搜寻效应与猎物密度呈负相关;温度变化对捕食者搜寻效应的影响程度与捕食者和猎物的种类有关;22℃下的搜寻效应值均高于12℃下的搜寻效应值。捕食者对两种猎物的捕食作用均随自身密度升高而下降,22℃下对两种猎物和12℃下对刺齿虫兆的搜寻常数和干扰系数值均以狼蛛和Winter-spring fallow waterlogged paddy fields(WWF) make up a subtropical type of rice fields in the hilly areas of southern China and generally last 6—8 months and actually experience autumn, winter and spring in southwestern China, especially in Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of temperature change on predation of the main predatory natural enemies in WWF during the postharvest fallow period. Therefore, the predation effect, searching efficiency, intraspecific density interference and predation preference of adults of rove beetle Paederus fuscipes, adults and subadults of spiders Pirata subpiraticus and Pardosa pseudoannulata to adults of springtail Homidia tiantaiensis and leafhopper Thaia rubiginosa were studied in lab at 22 ℃ and 12 ℃ representing two typical temperatures from WWF seasons. In addition, the supercooling point(SCP) and freezing point(FP) of these predators induced under the two temperature conditions were measured by the thermistor-based method that is to clarify the effects of ambient temperature change on their predation. The results showed that the change of temperature significantly affected the functional response of the predators, the searching efficiency and the intraspecific density interference of the predators. The functional responses of these predators fitted well with the Holling II model at 22 ℃ or 12 ℃. According to the functional response, the predation numbers of these predators to the two preys at 22 ℃ were higher than those at 12 ℃, and they consumed significantly more prey numbers of H. tiantaiensis than that of T. rubiginosa at the two temperatures. The instant attack rates, the maximum predation number and a/T_(h)value of these predators to the springtail and leafhopper at 22 ℃ were higher than those of 12 ℃, and their handling time at 22 ℃ was shorter than that at 12 ℃. No matter in leafhopper experiment or in springtail experiment, the instant attack rate, the maximum predation number and a/

关 键 词：冬水田 休耕季节温度 捕食性节肢动物 天台刺齿虫兆 捕食作用 过冷却点 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]