高度城市化地区屋顶绿化径流调控效益评价——以厦门岛为例  

Assessment of hydrological performance of green roofs in highly urbanized areas: A case study of Xiamen Island

作　　者：董菁[1,2] 左进 吝涛[3,4] 刘君涛 王宁 DONG Jing;ZUO Jin;LIN Tao;LIU Juntao;WANG Ning(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Laboratory of Creative Urban Design,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Xiamen Urban Planning&Design Institute,Xiamen 361012,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]天津市创意城市设计实验室,天津300072 [3]中国科学院城市环境研究所,城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门361021 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]厦门市城市规划设计研究院,厦门361012

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第6期2237-2250,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502903);中国科学院国际伙伴计划(GJHZ202118);中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划(132C35KYSB20200007)。

摘　　要：屋顶绿化的降雨径流调控效益对城市水安全与可持续发展具有重要作用,尤其是在土地资源紧缺与环境问题突出的高度城市化地区,然而目前针对城市尺度进行屋顶绿化降雨径流调控效益的研究较少。以厦门岛142 km^(2)的典型高度城市化地区为研究对象,采用ArcGIS与SCS-CN水文模型,研究了四种屋顶绿化实施场景在四种不同重现期(2、5、10、20年)降雨事件下各汇水区屋顶绿化的降雨径流调控效益,并依其空间分异特征制定差异化生态建设策略。结果显示,(1)平均地表径流减少率随城市屋顶绿化量的增加从0.91%增加至4.51%,随降雨强度的增加从2.86%下降到2.01%。屋顶绿化对南部城市核心区中山路商圈汇水区的地表径流削减作用最为显著,在2年重现期降雨事件和100%屋顶绿化实施场景下地表径流减少了8.84%。(2)厦门岛易积水区域主要分布在高崎机场、西北部港口、筼筜湖、五缘湾和环岛路;在四种屋顶绿化实施场景下,平均积水深度降低1.68、4.68、6.45、14.43 cm,平均积水面积减少6.11、16.89、23.29、52.06 hm^(2),而随着降雨强度的增加,积水面积减少率幅度降低,屋顶绿化对中低强度降雨的积水缓解效果显著。研究表明,未来厦门岛大规模屋顶绿化的实施具有显著的降雨径流调控效益,可以有效应对高度城市化地区的水安全问题。此外,屋顶绿化降雨径流调控效益的空间分异特征分析,可以为城市生态化治理提供科学指引。The rapid urbanization has increased the impervious surface of cities, seriously affecting urban water security. Study of hydrological performance of green roofs is of great significance to urban water security and sustainable development, especially in areas of highly urbanization where land resources are scarce and environmental problems are prominent. However, there are still few studies on the hydrological performance of green roofs within a city range. In this study, a typical highly urbanizing area of 142 km^(2) of Xiamen Island was chosen as a case study. Under four green roofs implementation scenarios of the return period(2, 5, 10, and 20 years), the hydrological performance of green roofs was investigated by the ArcGIS and Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS-CN) model. The differentiated ecological construction strategies were formulated according to its spatial differentiation characteristics. The results show that(1) the average runoff reduction rates increase from 0.91% to 4.51% with the increasing green roofs amount, and decrease from 2.86% to 2.01% with the increasing return period of rainfall events. The catchment of the Zhongshan Road business district in the southern city core area plays a key role in reducing runoff, by 8.84% under the two-year return period of rainfall events and 100% green roofs implementation scenarios.(2) The areas prone to stagnant water on Xiamen Island are mainly distributed in Gaoqi Airport, the northwest port, Yundang Lake, Wuyuan Bay, and Huandao Road. The average ponding depth decreased by 1.68, 4.68, 6.45, 14.43 cm and the ponding area decreased by 6.11, 16.89, 23.29, 52.06 hm^(2) under the four green roofs scenarios. The reduction rate of the ponding area decreases with the increasing rainfall return period. Green roofs have a significant effect on ponding mitigation under low to moderate intensity rainfall. The study demonstrated the positively hydrological performance contributed by green roofs in the future Xiamen Island at a city scale, and could effectiv

关 键 词：屋顶绿化 径流削减 径流曲线数模型 空间异质 高度城市化 

分 类 号：TU985.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU992