不同干扰类型下滇西北高寒草甸土壤化学计量特征  

Soil stoichiometric characteristics of alpine meadow in northwest Yunnan under different disturbance types

作　　者：刘莉 王明浩 杨蔚 任健[1] 张冉 田健帆 许文花[1] 马向丽[1] LIU Li;WANG Minghao;YANG Wei;REN Jian;ZHANG Ran;TIAN Jianfan;XU Wenhua;MA Xiangli(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;Hongyun Honghe Group of Kunming Cigarette Factory,Kunming 650202,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]红云红河集团昆明卷烟厂,云南昆明650202

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第4期634-644,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：云南省重点研发项目(2018BB001);云南省重大科技专项“绿色食品国际合作研究中心项目”(2019ZG009)。

摘　　要：为了解不同干扰类型对土壤养分的影响,本研究以云南迪庆州高寒草甸为对象,分析了封育+火烧、封育+施肥、封育和放牧4种不同干扰类型下的土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)化学计量特征。结果表明:1)在同一类型干扰下,土壤C、N、P、K浓度随着土层深度的增加而降低。土壤C、N、P、K浓度与土层深度表现为负相关关系,均可用直线函数较好拟合。2)土壤C、N、P、K浓度以封育+施肥、封育地较高,其中,在0-30 cm土层,封育+施肥地土壤C、N浓度显著高于其他3种干扰(P <0.05);在0-10 cm土层,封育+施肥地土壤P浓度显著高于其他干扰。3)在0-40 cm土层,放牧与封育+火烧地C、N、P、K浓度大多低于其他两种干扰,表明放牧和封育+火烧干扰下的土壤营养严重流失。4)研究区域土壤中的N决定了该地草地生态系统中的化学计量学的过程变化。且土壤中C:N平均值为29.34,高于全国高寒草原平均水平(13.6),说明研究区域内土壤有机质分解速度较快,有机质处于匮乏状态。故封育+施肥是该地区高寒草甸草地恢复以及放牧管理最佳措施。The effects of different disturbances(enclosure + fire,enclosure + fertilization,enclosure,and grazing) on soil nutrients and on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C,N,P,and K in alpine meadows in Diqing Prefecture,Yunnan Province,were analyzed.The results were as follows:1) Under the same type of disturbance,the concentrations of soil C,N,P,and K decreased with increasing soil depth.There was a negative correlation between soil C,N,P,and K concentrations and soil depth,which could be well fitted by a linear function.2) The concentrations of C,N,P,and K were higher in the enclosure + fertilization,and grassland enclosure soil,at a depth of between 0 cm and 30 cm.The concentrations of C and N in the enclosure + fertilization soil were significantly higher than those in the other three types(P < 0.05).The P concentration in the enclosure + fertilization soil was significantly higher than that in the other soils at a depth of between0 cm and 10 cm.3) In the 0-40 cm soil layer,the concentrations of C,N,P,and K in grazing and enclosure + fire soil were lower than that in the other two disturbances.This result indicated that there was a severe loss of soil nutrients after grazing and fire.4) The N in the soil of the study area determined the change in chemometrics in the grassland ecosystem.The average value of soil N in our study was 29.34,which was higher than the national average level of N found in alpine plateaus(13.6).The results indicated that the decomposition rate of soil organic matter was high,and soil organic matter was scarce in the study area.Therefore,enclosure + fertilization is an ideal choice for alpine meadow grassland restoration and grazing management.

关 键 词：封育 火烧 施肥 放牧 土壤养分 草地恢复 放牧管理 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]