围封对藏北高寒草原土壤矿质元素和群落特征的影响  

Effects of grazing exclusion by fencing on soil mineral elements and plant community in alpine steppes of the northern Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：郭晨睿 杨敬坡[1] 李少伟[3] 牛犇[3] 马娇林 武建双 GUO Chenrui;YANG Jingpo;LI Shaowei;NIU Ben;MA Jiaolin;WU Jianshuang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,Hebei,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Tibet Animal Husbandry Service Center,Lhasa 850000,Tibet,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]西藏自治区畜牧总站,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第4期645-659,共15页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务十专题二《农牧耦合绿色发展的资源基础考察研究》(2019QZKK1002)。

摘　　要：围栏封育是退化草地生态恢复的常见措施之一。土壤矿质元素含量影响植物个体生长发育和群落结构功能演替。为评价围栏封育对高寒草原土壤矿质元素和植物群落特征的影响,本研究于2010–2013年夏季对班戈县北拉镇和普保镇2块样地(围栏内外)进行植物和土壤采样,测定群落水平植物物种多样性、地上生物量以及表层土壤Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn和Zn含量。结果显示:1) 5~8年围栏封育只显著降低了北拉镇样地土壤Ca、Mg和Cu含量(P <0.05),显著提高了普保镇样地土壤Cu含量(P <0.05),对Fe、Mn和Zn含量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。2)围栏封育只显著提高了普保镇样地地上生物量(P <0.05),对植物物种多样性无显著影响(P> 0.05)。3)方差分析结果显示,仅土壤Mg含量与地上生物量显著相关(P <0.05),各土壤矿质元素含量对植物物种多样性均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。综上所述,短期围栏封育对高寒草原土壤矿质元素和植物群落的恢复的影响有限。Grazing exclusion by fencing is one of the common measures to recover degraded grasslands.The content of mineral elements in soils can affect individual plant growth and community succession.To evaluate the effect of grazing exclusion by fencing on soil mineral element content and plant community characteristics in alpine steppes,two sampling plots in Beila and Pubao of Bange County were selected.Plants and topsoil samples were collected from inside and outside the fences in summer from 2010 to 2013.Species diversity,aboveground biomass,and contents of soil Ca,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,and Zn were analyzed.The results showed that 1) Ca,Mg,and Cu contents in the soil in Beila Town decreased by 57.1%,24.1%,and 37.4%,respectively,while the content of soil Cu in the Pubao Town significantly increased relative to open grazed plots,i.e.,and increase of 25.2% due to the short-term(5~ 8 years) grazing exclusion(P < 0.05);however,no significant differences in soil Fe,Mn,and Zn were found between fenced and grazed sites(P > 0.05).2) Aboveground biomass in Pubao Town increased significantly(P < 0.05) due to grazing exclusion,but no significant difference in species diversity weas observed between fenced and grazed sites(P > 0.05).3) Results of ANCOVA showed that only soil Mg content was significantly correlated with aboveground biomass(P < 0.05),while the content of all soil mineral elements had no significant effect on plant species diversity(P > 0.05).Our findings indicated that the effects of short-term grazing exclusion by fencing on soil mineral element content and plant community in alpine steppes may be limited.

关 键 词：地上生物量 高寒草原 围栏 禁牧 微量养分 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]