六倍体小黑麦在甘肃生态区域的生产潜力及饲用特性综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation of feed value and production potential of hexaploid triticale in the Gansu ecological-region

作　　者：郭莹[1] 杨芳萍[1] 张雪婷[1] 杜久元[1] 刘小莉[2] GUO Ying;YANG Fangping;ZHANG Xueting;DU Jiuyuan;LIU Xiaoli(Wheat Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Tianshui City,Tianshui 741000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]天水市畜牧技术推广站,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第4期707-719,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：兰州市科技计划项目(2019-1-81);甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金(2020GAAS47);甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金(2019GAAS41)。

摘　　要：为发掘适应甘肃生态区域种植的优质饲用小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittmack)新品种(系),对引自国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的13个小黑麦品系的农艺性状、饲草产量、营养品质和饲用参数等21个性状进行鉴定,并采用主成分分析对参试材料进行综合评价。结果表明:1) CIMMYT六倍体小黑麦(春性、粮饲兼用型)的饲草生产潜力大,茎叶赖氨酸含量高,适应性广,饲用价值与国内冬性小黑麦一致。2)不同品种(系)的适应性有差异,T-133、T-138在正常灌溉、水分胁迫条件下均表现优良,两水分处理下主成分综合评分较高,说明其适应性广,不同生态区域均可种植;T-128和T-137的籽粒、生物产量等较稳定,水分胁迫下纤维素含量稍有降低,相对饲用价值有所提升,可溶性糖含量显著升高,抗旱性较好,可在天祝、甘南迭部等寒、旱牧区推广种植;T-134抗旱性较差,在正常灌溉下其各性状指标表现突出,可在黄羊、民乐等灌区或临夏、天水等降水量较高的区域种植;T-152矿质元素含量较高,饲草品质较好,但其产量较低,可作为小黑麦育种亲本。本研究丰富了小黑麦育种的亲本类型,推进了饲草多元化发展,为CIMMYT小黑麦在甘肃及气候条件相似区域示范推广提供了依据。In order to screen new triticale varieties(lines) with elite quality forage and adaptation to the ecological environment of Gansu Province,principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate 13 triticale lines from CIMMYT(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) based on 21 characters,such as agronomic characters,forage yield,nutrient quality and forage value,etc.The results showed that 1) Hexaploid triticale lines(spring,food-feed type) of CIMMYT have great potential for forage production and wide adaptability in Gansu,with high lysine content in the stems and leaves.The forage value is consistent with that of domestic winter triticale.2) Adaptability of different variety(line) was different.T-133 and T-138 had good performance in the fields of irrigation and water stress,and the comprehensive scores of principal component analysis were high,which indicated T-133 and T-138 had wide adaptability in different ecological areas.The grain and biological yield of T-128 and T-137 were stable,and their cellulose content decreased slightly under water stress condition to show better relative feed value,in contrast,soluble sugar of T-128 and T-137 was increased significantly to indicate drought tolerance and being grown in cold and drought-prone regions,such as Tianzhu and Gannan County.T-134 has poor drought resistance,but the performance of each character in the irrigation field is excellent,which can be used in irrigated areas(for example Huangyang and Minle) or in areas with high rainfall(such as Linxia,Tianshui,and so on).T-152 can be used as parental material for triticale breeding with higher mineral elements and better forage quality,but its yield is low.This study enriches the parent types of triticale breeding,promotes the diversified development of forages,and provides the evidence for the demonstration extension of CIMMYT triticale in Gansu Province and in similar ecological zones.

关 键 词：CIMMMYT小黑麦 水分胁迫 产量潜力 营养品质 饲用参数 主成分分析 适应性 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]