中国草原立法中法律责任规定之不足与完善  

Insufficiency and perfection of the legal liability regulations in China’s grassland legislation

作　　者：古力克孜·拜克日 郑婼予 李媛辉[1,2] Gulikezi·Baikeri;ZHENG Ruoyu;LI Yuanhui(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Research Center for forestry and grassland rule of law,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学林业和草原法治研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第4期806-818,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家治理现代化视域下的生态环境保护法律体系研究”(20ZDA089);国家林业和草原局委托项目“草原法修改相关法衔接问题研究”(2021042016)。

摘　　要：通过对《草原法》及13个省、自治区20部草原法规中违法行为的法律责任进行梳理,整合分析2009年至2018年《全国草原违法案件统计分析报告》中的8类违法行为数据发现,其中违反草原禁牧休牧规定、非法临时占用使用草原、非法开垦草原、违反草畜平衡规定4类违法行为案发率高且对草原破坏性大;对这4类违法行为的法律责任分析,比较上位法与下位法间法律责任规定的异同,发现《草原法》存在立法空白、罚款力度太轻、个别省级草原法规与草原法的处罚幅度不一致等不足;建议从补充立法空白、提高罚款数额、加强省级草原法规与草原法的衔接等方面予以改进。According to the legal responsibilities for illegal acts in the Grassland Law,20 grassland laws and regulations of 13 provinces and autonomous regions were classified,and 8 kinds of illegal activities in the Statistical Analysis Report on National Grassland Illegal Cases issued by the Ministry of Agriculture from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed.Based on the data,four types of violations,including violation of the grazing prohibition and rest regulation on grassland,illegal temporary occupation and use of grassland,illegal reclamation of grassland,and violation of the regulation on grass-livestock balance,were found to have a high incidence rate and are highly destructive to the grasslands.By analyzing the legal responsibilities for these four illegal acts,comparing the similarities and differences of legal liability between the superior law and the subordinate law,it was found that there are shortcomings in the Grassland Law,such as legislative gaps,light fines,and lower-level laws that arbitrarily restrict the scope of punishment prescribed by higher-level law.It is recommended to address these legislative gaps,increase the amount of fines,and strengthen the connection between the Provincial Grassland and the Grassland Law.

关 键 词：草原保护 草原法 省级草原法规 草原违法行为 法律责任 立法建议 法律体系 

分 类 号：D922.64[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]