洛阳仰韶文化土坑墓研究  

A Study of the Earthen Pit Tombs of Yangshao Culture in Luoyang

作　　者：公道 余扶危 GONG Dao;YU Fuwei(Exchange Center of Cultural Relics Luoyang, Luoyang 471000, China;Academy of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Luoyang, Luoyang 471023, China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳市文物交流中心,河南洛阳471000 [2]洛阳市文物考古研究院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《洛阳理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期7-11,共5页Journal of Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：洛阳地区仰韶文化时期的土坑墓,不管是一期土坑墓,还是二期土坑墓,都存在有二层台的土坑墓和无二层台的土坑墓两种形制。这两种形制的土坑墓,都是长方形竖穴土坑。一期土坑墓的葬式均为仰身直肢葬。二期土坑墓的葬式,除仰身直肢葬外,还有俯身葬。从墓葬情况可以看出,仰韶文化一期、二期分属两个不同的社会阶段,一期属母系氏族社会,二期属父系氏族社会。有二层台的墓葬和无二层台的墓葬的墓主在身份上有差别,有二层台的墓主人的身份、地位明显高于无二层台的墓主人。在二期墓葬出土的农业生产工具,无论在种类上还是在数量上,都超过了一期墓葬出土的农业工具,说明二期时的农业经济比一期时发达。Whether the first stage or the second stage pit tombs discovered in Yangshao Culture in Luoyang,there exist two different shapes and structures:one having a two-level platform,the other having no such,but both of the pit tombs are rectangular earthen graves.Bodies in the first stage pit tombs are facing upside with straight limbs,while bodies in the second stage tombs are lying on their stomach besides some of the same pattern as the first stage.As is seen from the burial,the first stage tombs were built in the maternal society while the second stage in the paternal society.And the differences of dead person′s social status could be found from the structures of the tombs.It can also be learnt that those with a two-level platform seem to be superior to those without.Agricultural tools found in the second stage pit tombs are much more than those found in the first stage tombs either in number or in kinds,which shows us a clear idea that agriculture in the second stage was more developed.

关 键 词：洛阳 仰韶文化 土坑墓 仰身直肢葬 俯身葬 

分 类 号：K21[历史地理—历史学]