外流式滑阀冲蚀磨损可视化分析及优化  

Visual analysis and optimization of erosion and wear of outflow spool valve

作　　者：吴书豪 张晓俊 梁义维 宋子龙 WU Shu-hao;ZHANG Xiao-jun;LIANG Yi-wei;SONG Zi-long(School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《机电工程》2022年第4期467-473,共7页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金资助项目(201901D111064)。

摘　　要：外流式液压滑阀工作时,其阀口处容易受污染颗粒的冲蚀而产生磨损,针对这一问题,对滑阀阀芯取倒角时的结构进行了分析,对滑阀阀芯锐边的冲蚀磨损改善情况进行了研究。首先,绘制了滑阀的二维模型,并采用了Edwards模型来对冲蚀情况进行分析;然后,在阀口开度为0.1 mm~0.6 mm,流量为10 L/min~40 L/min状况下,阀芯台肩倒角分别取45°、60°、75°,以及常规阀芯(阀芯倒角为90°)结构时,采用Fluent软件对阀口锐边处冲蚀磨损的情况进行了仿真对比;最后,从阀口处液压油的射流角度和液流速度两个方面,对仿真所获得的内流式液压滑阀冲蚀磨损结果进行了解释和分析。研究结果表明:外流式滑阀的最大冲蚀磨损发生在阀口处,并且以阀芯锐边的冲蚀磨损最为严重;当阀芯台肩倒角取45°时,阀芯锐边的最大冲蚀磨损速率比常规阀芯锐边最大冲蚀磨损速率高10%左右;当阀芯台肩倒角取60°和75°时,阀芯锐边的最大冲蚀磨损速率相比常规阀芯锐边最大冲蚀磨损速率可降低22%左右;当阀芯台肩倒角为60°时,阀芯锐边的冲蚀磨损速率相比常规阀芯锐边冲蚀磨损速率减小最明显,最多可降低55%;该研究可为液压滑阀抗污染能力的提高提供理论依据。When the internal flow hydraulic slide valve works,its valve port is easy to be eroded by contaminated particles and wear.In order to solve the problem,the structure of the spool when chamfering was analyzed,and the improvement of the erosion wear of the sharp edge of the spool was studied.Firstly,the two-dimensional model of slide valve was drawn,and Edwards model was used to analyze the erosion.Then,the Fluent software was used to simulate and compare the erosion and wear of the sharp edge of the valve port when the valve opened from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm,the flow rate was of 10 L/min to 40 L/min,the spool cone angle were respectively 45°,60°,75°,and the spool structure was conventional(spool cone angle was 90°).Finally,the erosion and wear results obtained by the simulation were explained and analyzed from two aspects:the angle of the hydraulic oil jet at the valve port and the liquid flow velocity.The research indicates that the maximum erosion wear of the outflow slide valve occurs at the valve port,and the sharp edge of the valve core wears the most serious.When the spool cone angle is 45°,the maximum erosion and wear rate of the sharp edge of the spool is about 10%higher than that of the sharp edge of the conventional spool.When the spool cone angle is set to 60°and 75°,the maximum erosion and wear rate of the spool sharp edge is reduced about 22%,and when the spool cone angle is 60°,the erosion and wear rate of the sharp edge of the spool is reduced most obviously,and the maximum reduction is 55%.The research provides a theoretical basis for improving the anti-pollution ability of hydraulic slide valves.

关 键 词：内流式液压滑阀 冲蚀磨损 Edwards模型 阀芯锐边 台肩倒角 

分 类 号：TH137.52[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]