女性官员的政策偏向——来自地级市的经验证据  

The Policy Bias of Female Officials in China: Evidence from the Prefecture-Level Cities

作　　者：陈刚[1,2] 钱李金莎[3] Chen Gang;Qian Lijinsha(School of Economics,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China;Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Huzhou Branch,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济学院 [2]西南政法大学制度经济学研究中心,401120 [3]中国工商银行湖州分行,313000

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2022年第1期145-160,共16页Nankai Economic Studies

摘　　要：在过去的二十多年里,中国女性享有的政治地位有了显著提高,一个重要表征是中国各级地方领导干部中女性官员所占的比例都有明显提高。源自两性内在偏好和身份认同的影响,随着女性官员数量的增长,女性群体的政策需求可能会在公共政策中得到更好回应。通过考察2001—2015年中国地级市数据并从财政支出结构的角度衡量女性友好型政策之后发现,女性官员比例的提高显著提高了教育支出所占公共财政支出的比例,且这与官员的任职经历无关,也不存在由逆向因果关系导致的估计偏误。同时,通过刻画女性官员上任政策事件的倍差法估计发现,女性官员上任显著提高了教育支出占公共财政支出的比例。进一步的研究发现,更强的晋升激励和财政激励可能在一定程度上削弱女性官员对教育支出的偏向,但这在统计上并不显著。另外,基于医疗卫生和科学技术支出的稳健性检验也支持女性官员对女性友好型支出的偏向。本文扩展了研究女性官员政策偏好的文献,丰富了对中国地方官员行为的认知。Over the past 20 years,the political status and power enjoyed by Chinese women have made great progress. One of the main manifestations is that the proportion of female officials in all levels of leading cadres in China has significantly increased. Following the expectation of identity theory,as the number of female officials grows,the policy needs and policy preferences of the female group may be better reflected in public policy. Using the data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2001 to 2015 and measuring women-friendly policies from the perspective of fiscal expenditure structure,the study found that female officials significantly increased the proportion of women-friendly expenditures like education to public fiscal expenditure. At the same time,the difference in difference method of depicting the policy event of female mayors taking office also found that female officials taking office significantly increased the proportion of education expenditure to public finance expenditure. Further research found that stronger promotion incentive and fiscal incentive may weaken the scale of positive impact of female officials on education expenditure,but this effect is not statistically significant.

关 键 词：女性官员 政策偏向 女性友好型政策 教育支出 

分 类 号：D262.3[政治法律—政治学]