多批次生物沥浸对猪粪重金属脱除及养分和脱水性的影响  

Effects of multi-batch bioleaching on heavy metal removal,nutrients and dehydration of pig manure

作　　者：周佳兴 董燕 张健[1] 毕文龙 秦俊梅[1] 徐韶足 刘奋武[1] ZHOU Jiaxing;DONG Yan;ZHANG Jian;BI Wenlong;QIN Junmei;XU Shaozu;LIU Fenwu(College of Resource and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,晋中030801

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第3期246-256,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：山西农业大学青年拔尖创新人才项目(No.TYIT201405);山西省重点研发计划项目(No.201803D221002-2);山西省自然科学基金(No.201901D211385,201901D211355);山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室开放基金课题(No.2019004);山西省应用基础研究计划项目(No.201901D211353)。

摘　　要：猪粪重金属脱除及脱水性提升对其资源化利用具有重要意义.本研究以氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans,A.f)作为生物沥浸微生物,探究了多批次生物沥浸对猪粪重金属脱除及养分和脱水性的影响.研究表明,当A.f菌液与原始猪粪(含固率为3.5%)体积比为1∶1时,生物沥浸进程缓慢,而将猪粪离心3次并用去离子水稀释到与原始猪粪相同含固率时,猪粪生物沥浸进程明显加速,Cu、Zn与Mn的脱除率可分别达到100%、97.3%与96.2%,猪粪比阻可从1.95×10^(13)m·kg^(-1)下降到0.17×10^(12)m·kg^(-1).猪粪中有机质、全N、全P和全K含量分别损失53.0%、31.8%、72.3%、74.9%.当A.f菌液、沥浸过滤液、离心猪粪体积比为1∶1∶2时,可顺利完成3批次生物沥浸实验,Cu的脱除率可达100%,Zn和Mn的脱除率分别在99%和95%以上.生物沥浸后各批次猪粪比阻分布在0.11×10^(12)~0.27×10^(12)m·kg^(-1).猪粪有机质、全N、全P和全K含量分别降低23.3%~30.8%、32.3%~38.3%、67.9%~71.4%、76.3%~79.4%.本研究可为生物沥浸技术在猪粪重金属脱除领域的应用提供必要的参数支撑.Removal of heavy metals and improvement of dewaterability are of great significance to the utilization of pig manure resources.In this study,A.f was used as bioleaching microorganism to explore the effects of multi-batch bioleaching on heavy metals removal,nutrients and dewaterability of pig manure.The results showed that the biological leaching process was still slow even the volume ratio of A.f bacterial liquid to original pig manure(solid content was 3.5%)reached 1∶1.However,when pig manure was centrifuged for three times and diluted to the same solid content with deionized water as the original pig manure,the biological leaching process was accelerated.Meanwhile,the removal rates of Cu,Zn and Mn in pig manure were 100%,97.3%and 96.2%,respectively,and the specific resistance decreased from 1.95×10^(13)m·kg^(-1)to 0.17×10^(12)m·kg^(-1).Besides,the contents of organic matter,total N,total P and total K in pig manure decreased by 53.0%,31.8%,72.3%and 74.9%,respectively.Furthermore,in batch experiments,bioleaching process could successfully complete three batches when the volume ratio of A.f bacterial liquid,leached filtrate and centrifuged pig manure was 1∶1∶2.The removal rate of Cu was 100%while the removal rate of Zn and Mn were over 99%and 95%,respectively.After bioleaching,the specific resistance of each treatment ranged from 0.11×10^(12)m·kg^(-1)to 0.27×10^(12)m·kg^(-1),and the contents of organic matter,total N,total P and total K in pig manure decreased by 23.3%~30.8%,32.3%~38.3%,67.9%~71.4%and 76.3%~79.4%,respectively.This study could provide necessary parameter support for the application of bioleaching technology in the removal heavy metals from pig manure.

关 键 词：氧化亚铁硫杆菌 生物沥浸 重金属 脱水性能 养分含量 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]