基本权利私人间效力:直接还是间接?  

Horizontal Effect of Constitutional Right:Direct or Indirect?

作　　者：杨登杰 Teng-Chieh Yang

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2022年第2期285-304,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“依宪治国视角下的经济宪法条款之解释与适用”(项目编号:116BFX038)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：基本权利私人间效力的概念需要澄清,不同层面的意义必须区分。在规范根据意义上肯定直接效力,以强调基本权利的私人间效力不必借道个人—国家关系,在司法援用意义上以间接效力为原则,以强调宪法与民法互补交融,如此便能使直接与间接效力各得其分、相容互补。在中国宪法下,不但应承认客观法意义上的直接效力,还应承认主观权利意义上的直接效力。基本权利在私人间适用时具有与对国家适用时不同的操作框架与规范属性,无需担心对国家的正当化标准会运用于私人。此一操作框架不是公法上的权利义务倾斜配置,而是以协调平衡私主体间平等的自由为目标的具体法益衡量。在规范属性上,宪法不只是公法,在私人间适用的基本权利是私法规范。The concept of the horizontal effect of constitutional rights needs to be clarified, and different levels of meaning must be distinguished. In order to emphasize that this effect need not be based on the citizen-state relationship, the direct horizontal effect should be affirmed on the level of normative basis. Conversely, on the level of norm application, the indirect horizontal effect should be the principle, in order to emphasize that constitutional law and civil law are complementary and intertwined. In this way, the direct and the indirect effect can each have their place and be compatible. When applied between private persons, constitutional rights have different operational framework and normative properties than when applied to the state. Therefore, there is no need to worry that the standards of justification for the state will be applied to private persons. This operational framework is not an asymmetric arrangement that disadvantages only one party, but a symmetric balancing of equal freedoms of private persons. In terms of normative properties, the constitution is not only public law. Rather, constitutional rights, insofar as they apply between private persons, are norms of private law.

关 键 词：基本权利 第三人效力 法益衡量 比例原则 宪法与民法 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]