美、日公司法上的董事合规、内控义务及其对我国的启示  

Directors’Duties of Compliance and Internal Control under American and Japanese Corporate Laws and Lessons to China

作　　者：梁爽 Liang Shuang

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际金融法律学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2022年第2期521-540,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“‘合规机制’的公司法普适性规则研究”(项目编号:17CFX071)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国公司法对合规进行回应需先解决两个基本问题,其一是董事会职能的重新定位,包括确立董事会的监督职能,明确董事承担业务监督义务;其二是明确董事不作为责任的追责路径,并在适当时机引入体系规则和董事的体系义务。从美、日经验来看,确立董事会经营监督职责,乃至董事合规及相关体系义务必先构筑董事会与业务执行之间的信息获取渠道。而董事不作为责任追责中的核心,则是在明确商业判断规则适用的基础之上,对包括“体系内容”及“红旗信号”(red flags)等进行合理审查。对于我国而言,可将商业判断规则作为法院对董事义务履行进行实质审查的方法,并基于“相当的因果关系”区别认定非业务执行董事和业务执行董事的责任,并在对我国公司治理进行改善的基础上引入体系规则和董事的体系义务。只有通过以上重构,才能在董事的“合规、内控”等公司管理责任承担中更好地寻求实质正义和社会效率。The Chinese Company Law must address two fundamental issues to strengthen corporate compliance. The first issue concerns function adjustment of the board. The Law should strengthen the board’s supervisory role and explicitly impose business monitoring duty upon board directors. Second, the Law should provide the accountability path for examining directors’ omission liability and, at the appropriate time, introduce corporate compliance rules and the duty of directors to establish an internal compliance system(“duty of system establishment”). From experiences of the United States and Japan, it is necessary to build the board’s access to information of business execution before establishing the board’s business supervision duty and directors’ duty of system establishment. To address directors’ dereliction of duty, it is essential to review such matters as “System Content” or “Red Flags” reasonably based on a clearly-enforced business judgment rule(BJR). The author suggests that China shall(1) adopt the BJR as a method of substantive examination to review directors’ performance of duties in substance,(2) distinguish executive directors’ from non-executive directors’ duties based on adequate causal connections, and(3) introduce corporate compliance rules and directors’ duty of system establishment based on the improvement of corporate governance in China. The aforesaid reforms are indispensable for seeking substantive justice and social efficiency from directors’ compliance and internal control duties.

关 键 词：合规 内控体系义务 董事监督义务 不作为责任 商业判断规则 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]