氮肥运筹对苏打盐碱地水稻产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Rice in Soda Saline-Alkali Soil

作　　者：王志君 李红宇[1,2] 夏玉莹[1] 赵海成 王士强[1] 钱永德 郑桂萍[1] WANG Zhijun;LI Hongyu;XIA Yuying;ZHAO Haicheng;WANG Shiqiang;QIAN Yongde;ZHENG Guiping(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modem Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2022年第2期37-46,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA20B501);黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HKKY190405)。

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,采用苏打盐碱土(A1)和黑钙土(A2)研究氮肥运筹[基肥∶分蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶1∶2(B1),在B1基础上分蘖肥、调节肥、穗肥分别增施15%(B2、B3、B4)]对水稻产量和品质的影响,为苏打盐碱地水稻合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,与A2处理相比,A1处理水稻穗粒数、千粒质量、产量分别极显著降低了39.22%、9.49%、24.67%。与B1处理相比,B2、B3、B4处理水稻穗粒数、千粒质量、产量均提高,以B4处理提高幅度最大,B2、B3、B4处理产量分别较B1处理极显著提高27.38%、30.97%、31.55%。与A2处理相比,A1处理极显著降低了稻米的加工品质和营养品质,糙米率、精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量分别降低5.53%、6.23%、21.52%、5.84%、3.25%;提高了稻米的外观品质和食味值,垩白粒率和垩白度分别降低91.47%、91.09%,食味值提高5.92%。与B1处理相比,B2、B3、B4处理垩白粒率、垩白度、蛋白质含量增加,直链淀粉含量和食味值降低。土壤类型与施氮量互作显著或极显著影响水稻产量、穗粒数、千粒质量、一次枝梗千粒质量、二次枝梗数、食味值。在A1条件下,与B1处理相比,B2、B3、B4处理水稻产量分别极显著提高54.85%、32.28%、91.89%,以B4处理效果最好,其穗粒数、千粒质量、一次枝梗千粒质量、二次枝梗数分别极显著提高19.39%、28.72%、20.83%、38.58%;B2、B3处理食味值分别极显著降低10.53%、10.50%,B4处理食味值降低4.65%,但差异不显著。在A2条件下,B1、B2、B3、B4处理间产量和食味值差异均不显著。综上,在常规施氮的基础上增施分蘖肥、调节肥、穗肥均能提高苏打盐碱地水稻产量,以增施穗肥效果最好,且不会显著降低稻米食味值。The effect of nitrogen fertilizer management[base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶regulating fertilizer∶ear fertilizer=4∶3∶1∶2(B1),on the basis of B1,tiller fertilizer,regulating fertilizer or ear fertilizer was increased by 15%,named as B2,B3 and B4 respectively]on rice yield and quality was studied with soda saline-alkali soil(A1)and chernozem soil(A2)by pot experiment,so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization of rice in soda saline-alkali soil.The results showed that compared with A2treatment,grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight and yield of A1 treatment significantly decreased by 39.22%,9.49%and 24.67%,respectively.Compared with B1 treatment,grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight and yield of B2,B3 and B4 treatments increased,B4 treatment increased the most,and the yields of B2,B3 and B4 treatments significantly increased by 27.38%,30.97%and 31.55%,respectively.Compared with A2 treatment,the rice processing and nutritional quality of A1 treatment significantly reduced,the brown rice rate,polished rice,head rice rate and contents of protein and amylose decreased by 5.53%,6.23%,21.52%,5.84%and 3.25%respectively;the appearance quality and taste value of A1 treatment improved,the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree decreased by91.47%and 91.09%respectively,and the taste value increased by 5.92%.Compared with B1treatment,the chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree and protein content of B2,B3 and B4 treatments increased,the amylose content and taste value decreased.The interaction between soil type and nitrogen application rate significantly or extremely significantly affected yield,grain number per panicle,1000-grain quality,1000-grain weight of primary branch,secondary branch number and taste value.Under A1 treatment,compared with B1 treatment,the yields of B2,B3 and B4 treatments significantly increased by 54.85%,32.28%and 91.89%,and B4 treatment had the best yield performance,of which the grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight,1000-grain weight of primary branch an

关 键 词：水稻 盐碱胁迫 施氮 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]