黑水河3种鳅科鱼类感应流速的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Induction Velocity of Three Cobitidae Species in Heishui River

作　　者：张连博 姚维志[1] 宋一清 ZHANG Lian-bo;YAO Wei-zhi;SONG Yi-qing(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing,Research Central of Fishery Resources and Environment,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,P.R.China;Shanghai Investigation,Design and Research Institute CO.,Ltd,Shanghai 200335,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,渔业资源环境研究中心,水产科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆400716 [2]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2022年第2期102-107,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31700346);西南大学博士基金(含引进人才计划)项目(SWU119046)。

摘　　要：感应流速是鱼类游泳特性的关键指标之一,获取鱼类的感应流速将有助于过鱼设施低流速区的流速设计和增殖放流地点的选择。以黑水河红尾副鳅(Paracobitis variegates)、横纹南鳅(Schistura fasciolatus)和山鳅(Oreiasdabryi)为研究对象,利用递增流速法测试其感应流速。结果显示,3种鳅科鱼类的绝对感应流速为5.7~13.2 cm/s,相对感应流速为0.6~1.5 BL/s。红尾副鳅的绝对感应流速显著高于横纹南鳅和山鳅,相对感应流速显著低于横纹南鳅和山鳅(P<0.05),横纹南鳅与山鳅无显著差异(P>0.05)。所有测试鱼的绝对感应流速和相对感应流速均与体长呈显著相关关系,绝对感应流速随体长的增加而增加,相对感应流速随着体长的增加而减少,体长可能是影响3种鳅科鱼类感应流速差异的主要原因。所有测试鱼的趋流率与流速呈指数函数,关系为P_(R)=97.93e^(-e^(-0.91V+6.34))。研究结果可为金沙江流域鱼类行为学研究提供基础资料,为黑水河过鱼设施设计和增殖放流地点选择提供参考和依据。The induction velocity,the lowest water flow velocity that induces a fish to begin actively swimming,is a key characteristic of fish swimming behavior.Induction velocity data is necessary for setting the design velocity in low flow areas of fish passage facilities and selecting suitable locations for releasing fish.In this study,the induction velocity of Paracobitis variegates,Schistura fasciolatus,and Oreias dabryi from Heishui River was measured using a stepped velocity test.The test was carried out in a closed fish swimming flume(75 cm×20 cm×20 cm)from April 29 to May 6 of 2018.All test fish were collected from Heishui River using cages and acclimated for 1 h at a flow speed of 0.5 BL/s before testing began at an initial speed of 0 BL/s.Results show that the absolute induction velocity and relative induction velocity of the three Cobitidae species were all significantly different(absolute induc⁃tion velocity:F=18.15,df=59,P<0.05;relative induction velocity:F=17.23,df=59,P<0.05).The range of absolute induction velocities(U_(A-ind))of the three species was 5.7-13.2 cm/s,and the range of relative induction velocities(UR-ind)was 0.6-1.5 BL/s.The U_(A-ind) of Paracobitis variegates was significantly higher than that of Schistura fasciolatus and Oreias dabryi.Conversely,U_(R-ind) of Paracobitis varie⁃gates was significantly lower than that of the other two species(P<0.05).There was no significant dif⁃ference in absolute induction velocity or relative induction velocity between Schistura fasciolatus and Oreias dabryi(P>0.05).The induction velocity for all fish tested was significantly correlated with fish body length.U_(A-ind) increased with body length,while U_(R-ind) decreased with body length.Body length was the major factor affecting the induction velocity for all three species.The rheotaxis rate of the three fishes presented an exponential relationship with the water velocity,and the function was described as P_(R)=97.93e^(-e^(-0.91V+6.34)).This investigation provided fundamental data on fish swimming be

关 键 词：红尾副鳅 横纹南鳅 山鳅 感应流速 趋流率 黑水河 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]