蒙古国考古新发现中的佛教元素——兼论6至8世纪漠北草原的佛教传播  

Buddhist Elements in the New Archaeological Discovery in Mongolia: The Spread of Buddhism in Mobei Grassland from the 6th to 8th Century

作　　者：徐弛 Xu Chi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2022年第3期20-33,共14页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：关于佛教在漠北地区的传播,学者们多聚焦于蒙元之后。时至今日,藏传佛教在蒙古国、俄罗斯布里亚特、图瓦等地仍保持着重要影响。但由于史料不足,在6到8世纪的漠北地区,佛教的传播情况一直少有人论及。幸运的是,蒙古国最新的考古发现,如慧思陶勒盖碑铭中的佛教常见词汇,以及巴彦诺尔墓、毗伽可汗墓出土的含有佛教元素的文物,一定程度上反映出了早期佛教在漠北地区的传播情况。新发现的慧思陶勒盖碑铭说明,在信仰佛教的第一突厥汗国佗钵可汗之后,佛教在漠北地区的影响力可能又持续了十余年。此后佛教在漠北草原逐渐衰落,虽然仍存在一些含有佛教元素的器物,极少数突厥贵族可能对佛教仍有一定了解,但草原上的主流信仰依然是传统的自然崇拜。Generally speaking, scholars mostly focus on the study of the spread of the Buddhism in Mobei after the Yuan dynasty. Today, Tibetan Buddhism still has an important influence in Mongolia, Buryatia and Tuva, Russia. However, due to the lack of historical materials, the spread of Buddhism in Mobei from the 6th to the 8th century has been little discussed. Fortunately, the latest archaeological discoveries in Mongolia, such as the common words of Buddhism in Khu.is Tolgoi inscriptions and some cultural relics with Buddhist elements unearthed from the tombs of Shoroon Bumbagar and Bilge Qaghan reflect the spread of early Buddhism in the Mobei to some extent.Especially, the newly discovered Khu.is Tolgoi inscriptions indicate that the influence of Buddhism in Mobei probably had lasted for more than 10 years after Taspar Qaghan of the first Turkic empire with the Buddhist faith. Since then, Buddhism gradually declined in the Mobei grassland. Although there were still some artifacts with Buddhist elements and a few Turkic aristocracies with a certain understanding of Buddhism, the mainstream belief on the grassland had become the traditional worship of nature.

关 键 词：佛教 隋唐时期 慧思陶勒盖 巴彦诺尔墓 祆教 

分 类 号：K883.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] B949.1[历史地理—历史学]