从墓龛铭文探讨宝山灵泉寺隋唐时期的佛教宗派  

A Study on the Buddhism Sects in Lingquan Temple at Baoshan during Sui and Tang Dynasties via the Epigraph on Tomb Niches

作　　者：高歌 Gao Ge

机构地区：[1]陕西历史博物馆,西安710061

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2022年第3期72-82,共11页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：河南安阳宝山灵泉寺乃南北朝至隋唐时期的著名佛教寺院。寺中三座山上现存210座摩崖墓龛,可辨识铭文的墓龛共79座,其中有明确纪年的墓龛64座:宝山区的隋代墓龛8座、唐代墓龛22座、宋代墓龛1座,岚峰山区唐代墓龛33座;无明确纪年的墓龛15座:宝山区8座,岚峰山区4座,马鞍山区3座。本文在梳理此79座墓龛铭文基础上,从以下四方面论证此寺隋唐时期的佛教宗派属性:摩崖墓龛的铭文内容中所体现出的三阶教属性;宝山灵泉寺中所葬僧俗的丧葬方式皆为林葬;三阶教的信徒追随禅师而葬、广泛接纳俗家弟子、重视传法于女信徒这三大特点在宝山灵泉寺中的体现;安阳宝山灵泉寺与长安百塔寺的渊源,以及信行、道凭、灵裕三位禅师的关系来推断隋唐时期的宝山灵泉寺的佛教宗派应属于三阶教。Located at Anyang,Henan,Lingquan Temple at Baoshan is a famous Buddhist temple in Northern and Southern Dynasties.Among the two hundred and ten cliff tomb niches,there are seventy-nine niches with discernable epigraphs,including sixty-four of them can be clearly datedones.According to dynasty,there are eight Sui niches,twenty-two Tang niches and one Song inche at Baoshan area,while thirty-three Tang niches are located at Lanfengshan area.As for the rest fifteen niches without a defiite data,there are eight niches located at Baoshan,four niches at Lanfengshan and the other three at Ma’anshan respectively.Based on the epigraphs on these seventynine tomb niches,the author discussed the afliation of the Buddhist sects in Sui and Tang dynasties from four aspects.First,the features of Three Levels Movement were reflected in the epigraphs in the clif tomb niches.Second,in Lingquan Temple,all the corpses of monks and common people were laid in the forest or field.Third,the three major characteristics of Three Levels Movement including followers to be buried with masters,widely acceptance to lay disciples and attach importance to teaching female believers were reflected in Lingquan Temple.Fourth,based on the correlation between Lingquan Temple in Anyang has strong correlation with Baita Temple in Chang’an.Together with the relationship among the three masters Xin Xing,Dao Ping and Ling Yu,it can be concluded that the Buddhism sect in Lingquan Temple in Sui and Tang dynasties should belong to Three Levels Movement.

关 键 词：安阳宝山灵泉寺 三阶教 隋唐时期 百塔寺 

分 类 号：B946[哲学宗教—宗教学] K241[历史地理—历史学] K242[历史地理—中国史] K877.4