技术民族主义:源流、局限与前景  

Techno-nationalism: Origin, Limits and the Future

作　　者：沈辛成 Shen Xincheng

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2022年第2期27-37,177,共12页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“人工智能伦理风险防范研究”(20&ZD041)。

摘　　要：技术民族主义原指20世纪美日科技竞争中的保护主义举措,后用于描述非西方国家以民族主义为动力的技术发展道路。此概念存在双重标准:对西方国家,它回避技术发展与民族文化的相互构建,掩盖了技术价值负载的一面;对非西方国家,它强调技术与文化的对立,含有极易引发保守和孤立的歧视性前提。人工智能领域见证了技术民族主义的新形态,即美国以文化对抗为前哨的保护主义政策。美国的信息技术深受控制文化影响,其渊源与自由主义价值观多有矛盾,所谓“反映美国价值观的人工智能”无法成立。全球业界应多以技术问题寻求共识,而非以民族文化区别彼此,中国亦应审慎对待国内外技术民族主义思潮。Techno-nationalism refers to measures taken by the United States against Japan’s rising in the field of technology in the 20st century. It is later used to describe how non-Western countries powered their tech-development via nationalist sentiment. Techno-nationalism entails a double-standard. For the West, it neglects the process in which technology and culture construct each other, hence hiding the value-laden aspect of Western technologies;for the non-West, it emphasizes the contrast of technology and culture, which often leads to conservative and isolationist rhetoric. In the field of artificial intelligence, the United States employs a new form of techno-nationalism – mercantilist tech policies under the guise of cultural confrontation. In reality, AI in the US has its root in the culture of control. The so-called “AI that reflects American values” has long lost its ground, both technically and morally. The global industry should seek consensus on technical issues rather than distinguish each other by national culture. China should also treat the trend of techno-nationalism at home and abroad cautiously.

关 键 词：技术民族主义 技术全球主义 美国 人工智能 控制文化 信息技术 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]