局部施肥对桃树生长、果实品质及产量的影响  

Effects of partial fertilization on growth,fruit quality and yield of peach trees

作　　者：徐国益 于会丽[1] 邵微[1] 徐变变 鲁振华[1] 王志强[1] 王力荣[1] 司鹏[1] XU Guoyi;YU Huili;SHAO Wei;XU Bianbian;LU Zhenhua;WANG Zhiqiang;WANG Lirong;SI Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan 450009)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,河南450009

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第2期38-42,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：河南重大科技专项(201300110500);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201409);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI)。

摘　　要：以中桃8号为试材,设全面积施肥、1/2面积施肥、1/3面积施肥和1/4面积施肥4个处理,比较局部施肥对桃树生长、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明,与全面积施肥处理相比,局部施肥处理叶片氮、磷含量降低,但1/2面积施肥处理能够显著提高叶片钾含量,1/3面积施肥处理可提高果实钾含量。1/4面积施肥处理能够提高叶片干重、叶绿素含量,抑制新梢生长,1/4、1/3面积施肥处理均能够明显提高单株产量和单果重。1/3面积施肥处理能够提高果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量,显著提高果实维生素C含量。局部施肥处理均能够提高桃果实色泽饱和度、促进果实转色。施肥面积与叶片氮、磷含量分别呈极显著、显著正相关关系,与单株产量呈极显著负相关关系;新梢生长量和单株产量、单果重均呈显著负相关关系。三因素主成分分析显示,1/3面积施肥处理得分最高。不同范围局部施肥处理对桃树生长影响不一致,其中1/3面积施肥处理在提高果实产量和品质上综合效果最佳。Peach variety‘Zhongtao 8’was used as the test material to study the effects of partial area fertilization on plant growth,fruit quality and yield(four treatments were designed as follows:whole area fertilization,1/2 area fertilization,1/3 area fertilization and 1/4 area fertilization).The results showed that,compared with the whole area fertilization treatment,the leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content of partial fertilization treatment decreased.1/2 area fertilization treatment could significantly increase the leaf potassium content,and 1/3 area fertilization treatment could increase the fruit potassium content.1/4 area fertilization treatment could increase leaf dry weight,chlorophyll content and inhibit new shoot growth.1/4 and 1/3 area fertilization treatment could significantly improve single plant yield and single fruit weight.1/3 area fertilization treatment could increase the content of soluble solid and soluble sugar,and significantly increase the content of vitamin C.Partial fertilization treatment could improve the color saturation of peach fruit and the color transformation of peach fruit.Fertilization area had a very significant positive correlation with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content,and a significant negative correlation with single plant yield.There was a significant negative correlation between shoot growth and yield per plant and fruit weight per plant.Three factor principal component analysis showed that the score of 1/3 area fertilization treatment was the highest.Different local fertilization treatments had different effects on peach growth,and 1/3 area fertilization treatment had the best comprehensive effect on improving fruit yield and quality.

关 键 词：桃 局部施肥 养分吸收 果实品质 产量 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]