苹果黑星病有效防治药剂筛选及施药适期研究  

Screening of effective control agents for apple scab and study on proper time of application

作　　者：郭健 任维超 李保华 GUO Jian;REN Weichao;LI Baohua(College of Plant Health and Medicine,Qingdao Agriculural University,Shandong 266109)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院,山东266109

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第3期54-58,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201122);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系(CARS-28、CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为了筛选苹果黑星病的有效防治药剂,通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验,测试了9种杀菌剂对苹果黑星病的防治效果。结果表明,氟啶胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺和吡唑醚菌酯3种药剂对苹果黑星病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制效果较好,抑制中浓度(EC_(50))分别为0.0030、0.0046、0.0082 mg/L。在病菌侵染前使用,9种药剂都能有效保护苹果叶片防止苹果黑星病菌的侵染,施药5 d后保护效果都在70%以上;其中20%氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂、80%克菌丹水分散粒剂和20%吡噻菌胺悬浮剂3种药剂的保护效果较好,施药5 d后接种,防效仍在90%以上。病菌侵染后使用,9种药剂中只有20%氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂、40%嘧霉胺悬浮剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂4种药剂能有效抑制侵染病菌的扩展致病,病菌接种4 d后施药,防效在80%以上。9种测试药剂中,氟唑菌酰羟胺、嘧霉胺、吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑4种药剂可作为防治苹果黑星病的主要推荐药剂,克菌丹和吡噻菌胺2种药剂可作为防治苹果黑星病的保护性药剂推荐使用,在病菌侵染前或侵染后的5 d内使用可获得良好的防治效果。In recent years,apple scab(Venturia inaequalis)has gradually expanded and spread in apple production area in China.In order to screen effective control agents for apple scab and clarify the proper time of application,the inhibitory effects of 9 fungicides on apple scab were tested through laboratory toxicity assay and field efficacy test.The results showed that fluazinam,pydiflumetofen and pyraclostrobin showed efficient inhibitory effects on conidial germination of V.inaequalis,and the inhibitory concentration(EC_(50))were 0.0030,0.0046 and 0.0082 mg/L,respectively;All the 9 tested fungicides showed effective protection effect and the control effects were above 70%five days after applicated.The20%pydiflumetofen SC,80%captan WG and 20%penthiopyrad SC showed the better protection effect and the control effect can still above 90%five days after applicated.The 20%pydiflumetofen SC,40%pyrimethanil SC,25%pyraclostrobin EC and 10%difenoconazole WG showed effective systemic control effect when applicated onto apple leaves at the 4 thday after inoculated with V.inaequlis conidia,and the effects were all above 80%.In the 9 tested agents,pydiflumetofen,pyrimethanil,pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole can be recommended as main fungicides and captan and penthiopyrad can be used as protective fungicides to control apple scab.The fungicides would archive desired control effects when applied five days before or after the pathogen infection.

关 键 词：苹果黑星病 药剂筛选 施药适期 

分 类 号：S436.611.19[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]