挖掘机结构疲劳可靠性研究现状及展望  

Fatigue reliability analysis of excavator structure:A state-of-the-art review and future research

作　　者：王斌华[1] 向清怡 陈一馨[1] 吕彭民[1] WANG Bin-hua;XIANG Qing-yi;CHEN Yi-xin;LYU Peng-min(Key Laboratory of Highway Construction Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期115-126,共12页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAF07B02);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-282,2021JM-148);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102250101)。

摘　　要：目前中国已成为全球最大的挖掘机市场,有多家中国挖掘机制造企业进入全球挖掘机制造企业前20强。随着中国经济的迅猛发展和“一带一路”倡议的实施,可以预见,国内外工程建设对挖掘机的需求还有一定的增长点,“十四五”期间中国挖掘机制造企业会有更大的发展空间。统计数据表明,目前市场上小型挖掘机占比约60%,中、大型挖掘机占比约40%,其中外资品牌的中、大型挖掘机占比较高,超过50%,中国挖掘机产品可靠性问题仍然是制约市场占比提高的因素之一。随着中国工程机械行业的快速发展,对工程机械产品的使用寿命和可靠性需求也越来越高,因此《工程机械行业“十四五”发展规划》中已把产品可靠性提升工程列入重点突破技术之一。为了提高挖掘机结构疲劳可靠性,基于本研究团队完成的《国家科技支撑计划——土方机械疲劳可靠性关键技术研究》项目,从挖掘机载荷谱测试与编制、疲劳寿命预测、可靠性分析方法等3个方面,研究了国内外挖掘机结构疲劳可靠性的研究现状、典型成果、存在问题、具体对策和发展趋势,指出应进一步推进典型焊接构造细节疲劳寿命曲线、台架疲劳试验、产品信息收集和试验数据积累等方面的学研合作工作,为挖掘机结构疲劳可靠性研究提供新的视角和基础资料。Statistics show that China has become the largest excavator market in the world,and many domestic excavator manufacturers have entered the top 20 excavator manufacturers in the world.With the rapid development of China’s economy,and“The Belt and Road”initiative will also bring about a certain growth in the demand for excavator equipment at home and abroad.Therefore,during the“14 th Five-Year Plan”period,there will be greater development space for domestic excavator manufacturing enterprises.However,the existing statistics also show that small excavators account for about 60%,medium and large excavators account for about 40%in the market,of which the proportion of medium and large excavators of foreign brands is very high,more than 50%.The reliability of domestic excavators is still one of the factors restricting the increase of market share.With the rapid development of China’s construction machinery industry,the demand for service life and reliability of construction machinery products will be higher and higher.Therefore,the“14 th Five-Year Plan”for the development of construction machinery industry has listed the product reliability improvement project as one of the key breakthrough technologies.In order to improve the fatigue reliability of excavator structure which is one of the main types of construction machinery,it presents from three aspects,which are load spectrum test and compilation,fatigue life prediction method and reliability analysis method based on the research team’s thinking of completing the 14 th“Five-Year Plan”-National Science and Technology Support Plan of Research on Key Technologies of Fatigue Reliability of Earth Moving Machinery.The current state-of-the-art,typical achievements,existing problems,specific countermeasures and development trend in the domestic and abroad field of excavator were discussed.It is pointed out that the industry-university cooperation in the following aspects should be further promoted,including statistics of typical working conditions and

关 键 词：机械工程 挖掘机 载荷谱 疲劳寿命 可靠性 台架试验 研究现状与展望 

分 类 号：U415.51[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]