如何扩大农村内需:基于农村居民家庭消费的视角  

How to Expand Rural Domestic Demand: From the Perspective of Rural Household Consumption

作　　者：唐博文[1] 郭军 TANG Bowen;GUO Jun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872 [2]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2022年第3期73-87,共15页Issues in Agricultural Economy

摘　　要：提升农村居民消费是扩大农村内需的重要抓手。本文基于全国农村固定观察点微观农户数据和国家统计局数据,对近年来农村居民家庭消费现状进行了系统性分析并与收入情况进行了比较分析。研究发现,农村居民家庭消费水平整体呈现稳中有升的趋势,但东、中、西、东北地区消费水平存在差异。按照消费类型来看,生活性消费、发展型消费和享受型消费均呈现稳中有升的趋势,但农村居民人均消费支出与城镇居民人均消费支出的绝对差额总体呈逐渐扩大趋势,且农村居民人均消费支出增速相比于收入增速的波动性更大,近年来有增速放缓的现象。进一步分析发现,当前制约农村居民消费的主要因素是农民增收机制尚待完善、农村社会保障体系尚待健全、农村消费环境尚待改善。未来,扩大农村内需要以提高农村居民收入水平、推动农村社会保障体制改革和改善农村消费环境为着力点,并根据我国东、中、西、东北地区的地域特点因地施策,不断提升农村家庭消费水平。Improving rural residents’ consumption is an important starting point to expand rural domestic demand.Based on the micro household data of national fixed observation points in rural areas and the data of the National Bureau of statistics, this paper systematically analyzes the current situation of household consumption of rural residents and compares it with the income.This paper found that the overall household consumption level of rural residents showed a steady upward trend, but there were differences in the consumption levels of the East region, Central region, Western region and Northeast region.In terms of consumption types, living consumption, development consumption and enjoyment consumption all show a steady upward trend, but the absolute difference between the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents and the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents generally shows a gradually expanding trend, and the growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents is more volatile than that of income, and the growth rate has slowed down in recent years.Further analysis shows that the main factors that currently restrict rural residents’ consumption are the mechanism of increasing farmers’ income needs to be improved, the rural social security system needs to be improved, and the rural consumption environment needs to be improved.In the future, The expansion of rural domestic demand should focus on improving the income level of rural residents, promoting the reform of rural social security system and improving the rural consumption environment.It also needs to consider the regional characteristics of the East region, Central region, Western region and Northeast region.

关 键 词：扩大农村内需 农村居民消费 农民收入 农村社保体系 农村消费环境 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]