海水电池用镁合金阳极的研究进展  

Advances in Magnesium Alloys as Anodes of Seawater Battery

作　　者：谷亚啸 江静华[1] 谢秋媛 马爱斌[1,2] 高正 GU Ya-xiao;JIANG Jing-hua;XIE Qiu-yuan;MA Ai-bin;GAO Zheng(College of Mechanics and Materials,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Suqian Research Institute of Hohai University,Jiangsu Suqian 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学力学与材料学院,南京211100 [2]宿迁市河海大学研究院,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《表面技术》2022年第4期1-13,共13页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51979099);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2017148);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20191303)。

摘　　要：海水电池用镁合金阳极因其较负的电极电位、低的质量密度、大的电化学当量而受到人们的广泛关注。概述了近年来有关海水电池用镁合金的研究进展。首先,介绍了常见镁合金海水电池的分类(镁/金属氯化物电池、镁/海水溶解氧电池、镁/过氧化氢半燃料电池),详细说明了几种电池的工作条件与应用领域。其次,归纳了镁合金海水电池存在的问题,包括不可避免的自腐蚀(如电偶腐蚀、点腐蚀等)以及负差数效应,这些副反应会产生大量的氢气并导致镁阳极利用率的下降。除此之外,腐蚀反应生成的腐蚀产物会覆盖电极表面,减少电极的活性区域,使得阳极的工作电位很难达到技术要求。针对上述存在的问题重点探讨了近年来的改进措施,具体有合金化、热处理、塑性变形。目前,应用广泛的合金系主要有Mg-Hg-Ga系、Mg-Al-Pb系、Mg-Al-Zn系等,在此基础上再进行挤压、轧制等塑性变形,并结合退火、均匀化等热处理方式,从而制备出高性能的镁阳极材料。最后,展望了未来海水镁合金阳极的发展方向。Magnesium alloys as a highly promising anode for seawater battery have gained great attention due to the negative standard potential,low mass density,high theoretical capacity.This review offers the research progress on seawater battery of magnesium anode materials in recent years,first introduces the classification of common seawater batteries(Mg/metal chloride battery,Mg/dissolved oxygen seawater battery,Mg/hydrogen peroxide semi-fuel battery),and elaborates the operating conditions and application fields of these batteries.Then,this paper summarizes the problems of magnesium anodes,including inevitable self-corrosion(galvanic corrosion,pit corrosion etc.)and negative difference effect,which promote the evolution of hydrogen and result in a decrease of anode utilization efficiency.In addition,corrosion products would attach to the surface of electrode,leading to the reduction of reactive area,thus making the discharge potential hard to meet the technique requirement.In view of the problems of magnesium anodes mentioned above,some improvements are discussed like alloying,heat treatment,plastic deformation.At present,Mg-Hg-Ga,Mg-Al-Pb,Mg-Al-Zn series etc.are of wide applications,and further optimizations such as extrusion,rolling or annealing,homogenization can be made on the basis of these alloy,thus develop magnesium anode materials of high-performance.Finally,this paper looks forward to the future development direction of magnesium alloy anodes.

关 键 词：海水电池 镁合金阳极 合金化 热处理 塑性变形 

分 类 号：TG172[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]