航空渐开线花键微动磨损的仿真模拟研究  

Simulation Study on Fretting Wear of Aviation Involute Spline

作　　者：于司泰 兰惠清[1] 蔡建斌 蔡智杰 YU Si-tai;LAN Hui-qing;CAI Jian-bin;CAI Zhi-jie(School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;AECC Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute,Hunan Zhuzhou 412002,China;Key Laboratory of Helicopter Transmission Technology,Hunan Zhuzhou 412002,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]中国航发湖南动力机械研究所,湖南株洲412002 [3]直升机传动技术重点实验室,湖南株洲412002

出　　处：《表面技术》2022年第4期149-156,共8页Surface Technology

基　　金：中国航发自主创新专项资金项目。

摘　　要：目的针对航空渐开线花键微动磨损严重的工程问题,研究多种因素对花键副受力与微动磨损的影响及键齿间的差异。方法建立以微动磨损机理为基础的渐开线花键副微动模型,通过对比工程检测数据验证了花键副微动模型的合理性,并采用不同的加载方式研究分析各载荷对直升机减速器花键副的影响,并对比分析微动幅值、动载系数以及不对中量对花键传动应力分布与微动磨损的影响。结果转速载荷的效应均方值远大于转矩载荷的效应均方值。微动幅值为20~80μm,动载系数为1.0~1.5,轴向不对中量为‒0.05~0.05 mm,键齿接触应力与磨损量随各因素的增大而增加。键齿啮合区近齿根处的接触压力与微动磨损量均最大。不同向的轴向不对中对齿间差异的影响不同,键齿6~9与键齿15~18受轴向不对中的影响最明显。结论花键传动中,相较于传动扭矩,传动转速对应力的影响更显著。键齿啮合区近齿根处应力集中较为明显,微动磨损严重。随微动幅值、动载系数与不对中量的增加,微动磨损显著增大,花键副的对中特性能够减小不对中量的影响。键齿的不同啮合区域与键齿间均存在受力与磨损程度上的差异。Aiming at the serious engineering problem on fretting wear of aviation spline,the influences of various factors on the stress and fretting wear of spline pair and the differences of intertooth space were studied.A fretting model of involute spline pair based on the fretting wear mechanism was established and it was verified by comparing the engineering test data.Through different loading methods,the influences of different loads on the spline pair of the helicopter reducer were studied and analyzed,and the influences of the fretting amplitude,dynamic load factor and the axial misalignment on the stress distributionand fretting wear of the spline transmission were analyzed comparatively.In the simulation results,the effect mean square value of the speed load was much larger than that of the torque load.The fretting amplitude was between 20μm and 80μm,the dynamic load factor was between 1.0 and 1.5,and the axial misalignment was between‒0.05 mm and 0.05 mm.The contact stress and fretting wear increased as various factors increased.The contact stress and fretting wear near the spline teeth root in the meshing area were the largest.Axial misalignment in different directions had different effects on the intertooth space,especially the spline with 6~9 and 15~18 teeth.The research results show that in spline transmission,the influence of the transmission speed on stress is greater compared with the transmission torque;the stress concentration and fretting wear near the spline teeth root in the meshing area are more serious;the fretting amplitude,dynamic load factor,the axial misalignment are positively related to the fretting wear and the axial alignment of the spline pair can decrease the influence of axial misalignment;there are differences in stress and fretting wear among different meshing areas and intertooth space.

关 键 词：有限元法 渐开线花键副 微动摩擦 微动磨损 接触压力 

分 类 号：TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]