表面梯度纳米晶结构对06Cr19Ni10钢抗空蚀性能的影响  

Effect of Surface Gradient Nanocrystalline Structure on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of 06Cr19Ni10 Steel

作　　者：付天琳 安楠楠 王康 张乾 陈飞帆 许志华 FU Tian-lin;AN Nan-nan;WANG Kang;ZHANG Qian;CHEN Fei-fan;XU Zhi-hua(Research Institute of Household Appliance Division,Midea Group,Guangdong Foshan 528000,China)

机构地区：[1]美的集团生活电器事业部研究院,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《表面技术》2022年第4期247-254,262,共9页Surface Technology

摘　　要：目的对06Cr19Ni10钢进行表面剧烈塑性变形处理,利用获得的表面梯度纳米晶结构提高其抗空蚀性能。方法采用高能喷丸法,在0.3~0.6 MPa范围内调节喷丸压力,获得不同组织结构的梯度纳米晶结构。使用光学显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对梯度纳米晶结构进行形貌、物相分析及截面硬度分析,使用电化学工作站和自制的空蚀检测仪对梯度纳米晶结构进行抗腐蚀性能及抗空蚀性能检测。结果截面金相表明,通过调节喷丸压力,可以在06Cr19Ni10钢表面形成一层厚度为50~100µm的梯度纳米晶结构。XRD结果显示,喷丸处理可以使(111)、(200)、(220)、(311)、(222)晶向的衍射峰明显宽化。通过Voigt函数法计算可知,梯度纳米晶结构的顶层晶粒尺寸为32~87 nm,表面硬度由180HV0.05提高至360~525HV0.05。此外,喷丸处理可以提高06Cr19Ni10钢的自腐蚀电位至‒0.385 V(vs.SCE),降低其自腐蚀电流密度至3.512µA/cm^(2),明显延长其空蚀孕育期,最大抗空蚀系数约为未处理试样的12.92倍。结论梯度纳米晶结构可以全面提高06Cr19Ni10钢的表面特性,显著提高其抗空蚀性能。By performing severe plastic deformation treatment,surface gradient nanocrystalline structure can be obtained on the surface of 06Cr19Ni10 and consequently,its cavitation resistance can be imporved.In this research,the high-energy shot peening method was used.Gradient nanocrystalline structures with different tissue structures were obtained by adjusting the shot peening pressure within the range of 0.3~0.6 MPa.Optical microscope,X-ray diffractometer and microhardness tester were used to perform morphology,phase analysis and cross-section hardness analysis on the gradient nanocrystalline structures.In addition,electrochemical workstation and self-made cavitation tester were used to examine the corrosion resistance and cavitation resistance of gradient nanocrystalline structures.Results of the cross-section metallography showed that by adjusting the shot peening pressure,a layer of gradient nanocrystalline structure with thickness of 50~100µm can be formed on the surface of 06Cr19Ni10;XRD results showed that shot peening can broaden(111),(200),(220),(311),(222)diffraction peaks of the crystal orientation.According to the calculation using Voigt function method,the grain size of the top layer of the gradient nanocrystalline structure was in the range of 32~87 nm and the surface hardness was increased from 180HV0.05 to 360~525HV0.05.In addition,shot peening can increase the self-corrosion potential of 06Cr19Ni10 to‒0.385 V(vs.SCE)and reduce its self-corrosion current density to 3.512µA/cm^(2),thus,significantly extend its cavitation incubation period.The maximum cavitation corrosion resistance coefficient is approximately 12.92 times of that of the untreated sample.The gradient nanocrystalline structure can comprehensively improve the surface characteristics of 06Cr19Ni10,and ultimately improve its cavitation resistance performance.

关 键 词：06Cr19Ni10钢 喷丸 梯度纳米晶结构 表面特性 空蚀 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]