生物表面活性剂协同生物酶解堵研究与应用  

Research and application of biosurfactants synergized with bio-enzymes to remove plug

作　　者：佘跃惠 张文达[1,2] 郑安应 李杨 胡语婕 舒闯闯 曾好 SHE Yuehui;ZHANG Wenda;ZHENG Anying;LI Yang;HU Yujie;SHU Chuangchuang;ZENG Hao(School of Petroleum Engineering,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei;Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas(Yangtze University),Wuhan 430100,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]长江大学石油工程学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]非常规油气省部共建协同创新中心(长江大学),湖北武汉430100

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期69-76,共8页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“循环激活本源微生物提高原油采收率基础研究”(51574038);国家科技重大专项“低渗致密油藏高效提高采收率新技术”(2017ZX05009-004)。

摘　　要：油井生产过程中,因原油含蜡量高,近井地带温度、压力下降,易形成石蜡和沥青质等堵塞。采用脂肪酶、酯酶等生物酶和波茨坦短芽孢杆菌产生的脂肽生物表面活性剂复配成环保酶解堵剂,利用其协同作用来进行结蜡油井解堵,并利用油田天然黑蜡进行了室内岩心解堵模拟试验,分别考察了环保酶质量分数、关井时间、渗透率等对解堵效果影响。结果表明,环保酶质量分数为2%~3%,关井时间3~5d,解堵后岩心渗透率恢复值达到80%以上。分析了环保酶解堵剂解堵机理,环保酶中生物表面活性剂能有效分散和增溶长链石蜡烃蜡和沥青质,并被生物酶降解为短链小分子化合物,明显增强生物酶在油水混合介质中的生物活性,协同生物酶促使岩石矿物润湿性向水润湿转变,促使有机堵塞物从岩石矿物剥离和降解,最终取得显著的增油效果。5口结蜡油井的现场应用试验表明,应用成功率100%,平均单井增油300t以上,部分油井还有一定降水效果。In the production process of oil wells,due to the high wax content of crude oil and the decrease of temperature and pressure in the near-well bore region,it is easy to form blockages caused by paraffin and asphaltene.In this paper,bio-enzymes such as lipase and esterase,and lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by Bacillus potsdamus were used to prepare environmental enzyme plugging remover.The synergistic effect was used to remove the plugging of wax-bearing oil wells,and the indoor core plugging simulation tests were carried out by using natural black wax in the oilfield.The effects of environmental enzyme mass fraction,shut-in time and permeability on plugging removal were investigated respectively.The results show that the core permeability recovery value reaches more than 80%after plugging removal with the environmental enzyme mass fraction of 2%~3%and the shut-in time of 3~5d.The analysis of the plugging removal mechanism of environmental enzyme plugging agent shows that the biosurfactant in environmental enzyme can effectively disperse and solubilize long-chain paraffin hydrocarbon wax and asphaltene,and be degraded into short-chain small-molecule compounds by biological enzyme,which can significantly enhance the biological activity of biologicalenzyme in oil-water mixture medium.Synergistic bio-enzyme promotes the change of rock mineral wettability to water wettability,and promotes the stripping and degradation of organic plugging materials from rock minerals,ultimately achieving significant oil enhancement effects.The field application test of 5 wax precipitation oil wells shows that the blocking removal efficiency is 100%,the average oil increment is more than 300t for each well,and the water cutdecreases in some oil wells.

关 键 词：有机堵塞 生物酶 生物表面活性剂 润湿性 解堵率 

分 类 号：TE358.2[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]